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ABSTRACT
This study aims to replace diesel with Prosopis Juliflora seed oil (JPO) in a compression ignition (CI) engine. The high viscosity of JPO promotes inferior performance and combustion. Brake thermal efficiency of JPO is 28.3%, which is less compared to 30.7% for diesel. This also leads to higher brake-specific energy consumption, HC, CO, and smoke emissions. JPO was converted to its biodiesel (Prosopis Juliflora methyl ester) (JPME) through the transesterification process. The physical properties were improved post-transesterification process. Brake thermal efficiency was improved to 29.3% for JPME. Higher NOx emission with reduced HC, CO, and smoke emissions was observed with JPME in comparison with JPO. The test engine employed for the investigations has a single-cylinder configuration with the maximum power of 5.2 kW enabled with water cooling.
Furthermore, amyl alcohol was added with JPME in various proportions of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by volume and experiments were conducted. The addition of amyl alcohol in the volume mentioned earlier has improved the thermal efficiency at higher loads; added to this NO and smoke emission were lowered simultaneously for all the loading conditions. Except with the 5% volume of amyl alcohol, HC and CO emissions have increased for all other volume compositions. JPME with 20% volume amyl alcohol exhibits the highest peak pressure and heat release rate. The brake thermal efficiency of JPME + A20 is on par with diesel. NO and smoke were reduced by 7% and 29%, respectively, for JPME + A20 in comparison with diesel. The study shows that the addition of 20% amyl alcohol with JPME has performance and emission characteristics similar to diesel. Further increase in amyl alcohol led to poor cold starting condition and may also lead to knocking. Hence, it was concluded to use only up to 20% of amyl alcohol to avoid any operational complications.
Nomenclature
CI – Compression Ignition
JPO - Prosopis Juliflora seed oil
JPME - Prosopis Juliflora methyl ester
NO – Nitrous oxide
HC- Hydrocarbon
CO – Carbon monoxide
PPM – Parts per million
ASTM – American society for testing and materials
BTE – Brake thermal Efficiency
BSEC – Brake specific Energy consumption
JPME + A20 - Prosopis Juliflora methyl ester blended with 20% amyl alcohol
TDC – Top Dead Centre
HRR – Heat Release Rate
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Boopathi Duraisamy
Boopathi Duraisamy is currently working as assistant professor in department of automobile engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology. He is presently pursuing his doctoral research in the field of biofuel application in CI engine at Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College, Madagadipet, Puducherry. He has authored 10 research articles in the area of IC engines.
Kandasamy Velmurugan
Dr. Kandhasamy Velmurugan is Professor & Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College, Madagadipet, Puducherry, India. He has published about 26 research articles and co authored 59 research articles in the field of mechanical engineering.
V S Karuppannan Venkatachalapathy
Dr. Venkatachalapathy is Director in Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College, Madagadipet, Puducherry, India. He has guided about 5 doctoral candidates and presently guiding 3 candidates. He published more than 30 research articles in peer review journals. He also Successfully completed 4 research projects and holding 3 patents.
Subramanian Thiyagarajan
Dr. Thiyagarajan is working as Assistant professor in department of automobile engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology.He has published more than 50 research articles in the field of emission reduction in CI engine. He is currently working on converting waste to fuel and its utilization in CI engine. He has published 2 patents.
Edwin Geo Varuvel
Dr. V. Edwin Geo is presently working as professor in Department of Mechanical engineering, Istinye university, Istanbul, Turkey. He has published more than 80 research articles in the field of IC engines. He is currently guiding four doctoral candidates. He is currently working in hydrogen based fuel cell and its application in vehicles. He has published 2 patents.