https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2852-0353
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ABSTRACT
Environmental pollution has been rising recently, and so clean water needing has also increased. People could have easy access to pure water in all environments and conditions. This study is the solar tracking parabolic dish collector with produced pure water independent of electricity (off-grid). This system is fully renewable and autonomous. This system possesses a receiver, a boiler, a condenser, six 1000 mm diameter parabolic dish collectors, and 1 kW photovoltaic (PV) collectors. Thermal oil uses as the working fluid in the experiments. The experiment measured solar radiation, air temperature, air velocity, oil inlet and outlet temperatures, oil flow rate, receiver side surface temperatures, and instantaneous amount of pure water. Numerical and thermal analysis of the receiver in the experimental setup carry out. ANSYS Fluent 18.1 uses for numerical analysis. Energy and exergy analysis calculates the receiver for pure water production rate. The time interval when the system operates at high performance determines. In this study investigates the behavior of some exergetic indicators on the performance of the experimental setup, the cost of the experimental setup, and the enviro-economic impact of the parabolic dish-type collector. For this purpose, some exergetic factors such as the exergy effect, environmental impact factor, waste exergy rate, improvement potential, and exergetic sustainability index examine. The receiver’s improvement potential is between 1700 and 3000 W. In addition, the sustainability index, waste exergy rate, and environmental impact factor range from 0.32 to 0.36, 0.90 to 0.94, and 2.6 to 3.0, respectively.
Nomenclature
| Aa | = | Dish area [m2] |
| Are | = | Receiver area [m2] |
| C | = | Concentration ratio [-] |
| Cp | = | Specific heat capacity [J/kgK] |
| D | = | Diameter [m] |
| E | = | Exergy flow rate [W] |
| f | = | Focal distance [m] |
| G | = | Global solar irradiation [m2] |
| h | = | Heat transfer coefficient [W/m2] |
| m | = | Mass flow rate [kg/s] |
| Pp | = | Fan power (kW) |
| Q | = | Heat transfer rate [W] |
| R | = | Error rate [-] |
| Re | = | Reynolds number [-] |
| T | = | Temperature [K] |
| k | = | Thermal conductivity [W/mK] |
| Wp | = | Energy consumption of fan [kWs] |
| Greek symbols | = | |
| α | = | Absorbance [-] |
| φ | = | Intercept factor [-] |
| ψ | = | Rim angle [º] |
| µ | = | Dynamic viscosity [Pa.s] |
| η | = | Efficiency [-] |
| σ | = | Stefan-Boltzmann constant [5.669 × 10−8 W/m2-K4] |
| ρ | = | Density [kg/m3] |
| Ɛ | = | Emittance [-] |
| $ | = | Dolar [-] |
| Φ | = | Phase function |
| Ω′ | = | Solid angle |
| Subscripts and superscripts | = | |
| a | = | absorption coefficient |
| am | = | Ambient |
| avg | = | Average |
| b | = | Beam |
| d | = | Diffuse |
| ex | = | Exergetic |
| hi | = | Heat input |
| i | = | inlet |
| N | = | Total reflector |
| n | = | A reflector |
| n_th | = | Average thermal efficiency [-] |
| opt | = | Optical |
| out | = | Outlet |
| p | = | Total |
| r, re | = | Receiver |
| sat | = | Saturated |
| sun | = | Sun |
| t | = | time |
| th | = | Thermal |
| u | = | Useful |
| v | = | Vapor |
| w | = | Water |
| Abbreviations | = | |
| ASPDD | = | Autonomous solar parabolic dish distillation system |
| CSP | = | Concentrated solar power |
| COP | = | Coefficient of performance |
| DC | = | Direct control |
| EIF | = | Environmental impact factor |
| GCR | = | Geometric concetration ratio |
| GOR | = | Gained output ratio |
| IP | = | Improvement potential |
| OCR | = | Optical concentration ratio |
| PCM | = | Phase change material |
| PV | = | Photovoltaic |
| WER | = | Waste energy ratio |
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by “Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project Numbers: 2021/3-29 M)
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
Erdem Alic
Erdem ALIÇ received his B.Sc. degree in Mechanical Engineering at Erciyes University in 2010. He received an M.Sc. degree in Mechanical Engineering at Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University in 2013. He received Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering at Mechanical Engineering Osmaniye Korkut Ata University in 2019. He is working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of the Andırın Vocational High School at Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University. His research interests are energy, exergy, thermodynamics, computational fluid dynamics, heat and mass transfer, solar energy, pool boiling, refrigeration systems, and, artificial intelligence.