Biowaste-derived oxygen-self-doped three-dimensional interconnected porous carbon for electrochemical supercapacitor applications

ABSTRACT

Biowaste for producing a biomaterial is an inexpensive, profuse, widely available, and viable natural source and has been extensively investigated and applied in a wide range of research fields. In this work, jackfruit leaf waste as a biowaste source was utilized to prepare a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected porous carbon framework self-doped with oxygen by KOH impregnation, carbonization, and activation under a CO₂ atmosphere. The as-prepared porous carbon has a 3D interconnected porous framework with a rich oxygen content of 36.82%, and high BET surface area of 455.687 m² g⁻¹ with a pore volume of 0.522 cm³ g⁻¹. The 3D interconnected porous framework exhibits a high specific capacitance of 199 F g⁻¹ with a maximum energy density of 27.64 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 99.60 W kg⁻¹ at a sweep rate of 1 mV s⁻¹ in a two-electrode setup. The correlation between structure and great performance of electrode materials is deeply studied. The great capacitive performance of porous carbon materials can be assigned to its 3D interconnected porous framework, high specific surface area, suitable pore size distributions, and advantageous heteroatom-doping, resulting in the rapid ion diffusion and sufficient charge storage along with the contributed pseudocapacitance behavior. Hence, the exciting results reveal an efficient, cost-effective, time-saving, and facile method to prepare 3D interconnected porous carbon frameworks self-doped with oxygen derived from natural biowaste sources for developing supercapacitor devices.

KEYWORDS:

• Biowaste
• Jackfruit leaf waste
• 3D interconnected porous carbon framework
• oxygen-self-doped
• supercapacitor

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the faculty of mathematics and natural sciences, Hasanuddin University for the financial support through the research grants faculty of mathematics and natural sciences, Hasanuddin University.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Bidayatul Armynah

Dr. Bidayatul Armynah is a scientist/ senior lecturer and head of physics master degree study program at Hasanuddin University.

Erwinda Erwinda

Ms. Erwinda Erwinda is an project fellow at Energy for Environment at Hasanuddin University

Agustino Agustino

Mr, Agustino Agustino is an project fellow at energy for environment at Riau University.

Erman Taer

Prof. Erman Taer is a senior professor at Riau university, He was appointed as a Professor in Material Physics especially for supercapacitor.

Syahir Mahmud

Mr. Syahir Mahmud is a senior lecturer for electrical engineering at Aniversitas Atmajaya Makassar.

Dahlang Tahir

Prof. Dahlang Tahir is as a Professor in Material Physics in 2014. His research activities included nanocomposite material for food packaging (bioplastics), for medical physics (phantom and shielding), and for environment (Energy, photocatalyst and adsorbent heavy metals). He is currently director of publication management centre at UNHAS.