Investigation of the effects of hemp seed oil/diesel/cetane improver fuel blends on diesel engine responses

ABSTRACT

Four different fuels consisting of D80K5E15, D82.5K5E12.5, D85K5E10 and D100 were examined as to fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in a single cylinder diesel engine. Experiments were examined at 1500 W, 1000 W and 500 W loads, with the highest being 2000 W. Compared with D100 fuel, It has been observed that there was a 15.3% increase in Break Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) in the D80K5E15 mixture, a 6% increase in BSFC in the D82.5K5E12.5 mixture and a 2.3% increase in the D85K5E10 mixture. Exhaust emission values obtained from the experiments were examined. Emission values of D100 fuel were compared with the emission values of three other fuels. According to D100 fuel; carbon monoxide (CO) emissions decreased by 16.8% in the D80K5E15 mixture, 26.6% in the D82.5K5E12.5 mixture and 12.2% in the D85K5E10 mixture, Hydrocarbon (HC) emissions decreased by 30.4% in the D80K5E15 mixture, 42.6% in the D82.5K5E12.5 mixture and decreased by 12.2% in the D85K5E10 mixture. It decreased by 26.5%, Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) emissions decreased by 2.2% in the D82.5K5E12.5 mixture and by 0.7% in the D85K5E10 mixture. However, compared to D100 fuel; Oxygen (O₂) emission increased by 0.4% in the D82.5K5E12.5 mixture and increased by 0.05% in the D85K5E10 mixture, nitrogen oxide (NO_X) emission increased by 25.9% in the D80K5E15 mixture, increased by 30.4% in the D82.5K5E12.5 mixture and increased by 0.05% in the D85K5E10 mixture. It increased by 26.9%. When the D100 fuel was compared with the other three fuel blends, the lowest HC and CO emissions were achieved in the D82.5K5E12.5 fuel blend with 26.6% and 42.6%, respectively. In addition, the lowest NO_X emissions were obtained with D100 fuel compared to the D100 fuel of the other three fuel mixtures. The lowest CO emission was 0.025%) in D82.5K5E12.5 fuel at 2000 W load, and the lowest HC emission was 3.00 (ppm) in D82.5K5E12.5 fuel at 1000 W load. In this study, when D100 fuel was compared with the other three fuel mixtures, there has been a substantial reduction in CO and HC emissions and a relative reduction in CO₂ emissions. Compared to D100 fuel, the desired reduction in CO, HC and CO₂ emissions was achieved for the other three fuel mixtures.

KEYWORDS:

• Hemp seed oil
• 2EHN
• biodiesel
• emissions
• engine performance

Abbreviations

BSFC	=	break specific fuel consumption
CO	=	carbon monoxide
HC	=	hydrocarbon
CO2	=	carbon dioxide
O2	=	oxygen
D	=	diesel
K	=	hemp seed oil
2-EHN	=	2 ethyl hexyl nitrate

Acknowledgements

Authors wish to thank to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Samet Uslu and Research Assistant Gürşah Gürüf for their valuable support and monitoring both theoretical and experimental Works during research.

Authors’ contributions

MOKB and MEA designed the entire experiments. MOKB established the model, analyzed the results, and wrote the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.

Notes on contributors

Mustafa Oğuz Kaan Baylak

Mustafa Oğuz Kaan Baylak is studying for his PhD in Mechanical Engineering at Karabük University Graduate Education Institute. He works as an Engineer at EGO General Directorate. He graduated from Turkish Aeronautical Association University, Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, and Ahmet Yesevi University, Industrial Engineering. His areas of interest are Adhesives (Resins), Vehicle Technologies, Fuels, Metro Rail Systems and MetroTrains.

Mehmet Emin Akay

Dr. Mehmet Emin Akay Lecturer Member works as a doctoral faculty member in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering. He received his PhD degree in Mechanical Engineering from Kırıkkale University. He graduated from Gazi University Mechanical Education and Gazi University Mechanical Department. His areas of interest include; Vehicle Technologies, Fuels and Combustion, Energy.