Malathion toxicity attenuated by Lactobacillus bacteria via alteration of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation: a possible mechanism against organophosphorus insecticide

Abstract

Rats (11 groups) were treated with malathion (MAL) and probiotic bacteria for 6 weeks. The results obtained in kidney showed a significant increase in the malondialdehyde (≈92%), superoxide dismutase (≈41%), catalase (≈56%), IL-1β (≈45), and TNF-α (≈25%) in MAL-treated group. In contrast, testicular catalase, superoxide dismutase, and TNF-α levels decreased ≈ 33, 30, and 21%, respectively, in the MAL-treated groups. In kidney, treatment with the probiotics reduced malondialdehyde and catalase activity compared with the MAL-treated group. As well as, treatment with the L. rhamnosus, L. casei, L. plantarum, and L. acidophilus enhanced testicular catalase activity (≈21, 49, 52, and 26%, respectively) compared with the MAL-treated group. Unlike superoxide dismutase, in groups treated with L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, inflammatory factor levels decreased in kidney compare with MAL-group. In testis, probiotic bacteria blocked MAL effect on malondialdehyde, catalase and TNF-α. Micrographs of kidney sections of the MAL revealed mild to moderate proximal and distal tubular cell necrosis. Histopathological evaluation of the L. acidophilus sample revealed less tissue toxicity in comparison to MAL group. Micrographs of testis sections of the showed no histological changes. Probiotics could effectively protect against malathion-induced damage in kidneys and testes, offering a potential solution for pesticide-related toxicity.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Organophosphorus
• malathion
• Lactobacillus
• antioxidants
• inflammatory

Author contributions

All the authors contributed to the study concept and design: supervision: Mehran Sayadi; data curation: Mohammad Kiani; Ghanbar Rejaie Mehr; Hiva Alipanah. Writing-review and editing: Hiva Alipanah, Mehran Sayadi, Roghayeh Nejati, and Amene Nematollahi. Formal analysis: Roghayeh Nejati. Writing the original draft: Hiva Alipanah. Methodology: Mehran Sayadi, Roghayeh Nejati, and Amene Nematollahi. Project administration: Hiva Alipanah. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article. Raw data are available from FE upon a reasonable request

Additional information

Funding

Fasa University of Medical Sciences financially supported this research, under the [grant number 400002].