Comparative morphology and phylogenetic placement of two microsclerotial black fungi from Sphagnum

Abstract

Capnobotryella renispora and Scleroconidioma sphagnicola form black, irregularly shaped microsclerotia that are indistinguishable in gross morphology on leaves of Sphagnum fuscum. In culture, microsclerotia of these fungi were similar, in that mature component cells possessed thick, highly melanized cell walls, poorly defined organelles, large lipid bodies and simple septa. They were different in morphogenesis, in the way their component cells were organized and in disseminative propagules. Microsclerotia of S. sphagnicola formed phialidic conidiogenous cells on their surface, whereas in C. renispora, adjacent cells in mature microsclerotia often separated from each other by septum schizolysis and formed chlamydospores. The identification of C. renispora from Sphagnum is provisional despite a 100% ITS sequence match with data for a culture derived from the type strain. No holoblastic, reniform conidia typical of the species were formed in nature or in culture, and the SSU sequence for a separately preserved culture of the ex-type strain was markedly divergent. Parsimony analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences showed that these two fungi were related to separate orders of Dothideomycetes. Both SSU and ITS data supported a close relationship for S. sphagnicola to the Dothideales sensu stricto, while the closest ITS match was to Rhizosphaera spp. In the SSU analyses, C. renispora was nested within the Capnodiales.

• black yeasts
• Capnobotryella
• Capnodiales
• dematiaceous hyphomycetes
• Dothideales
• Dothideomycetes
• meristematic ascomycetes
• Scleroconidioma
• ultrastructure

We thank M. H. Chen and G. Braybrook for their technical assistance, L. Sigler for her useful suggestions and Keith Seifert for helpful discussions of the molecular analyses. This research was financed in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through a visiting fellowship in Canadian Government Laboratories to S.H. and an operating grant to R.S.C. and also by the Tottori Mycological Institute through a research grant to A.T.