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Abstract
Pezizomycotina is the largest subphylum of Ascomycota and includes the vast majority of filamentous, ascoma-producing species. Here we report the results from weighted parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of five nuclear loci (SSU rDNA, LSU rDNA, RPB1, RPB2 and EF-1α) from 191 taxa. Nine of the 10 Pezizomycotina classes currently recognized were represented in the sampling. These data strongly supported the monophyly of Pezizomycotina, Arthoniomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Orbiliomycetes and Sordariomycetes. Pezizomycetes and Dothideomycetes also were resolved as monophyletic but not strongly supported by the data. Lecanoromycetes was resolved as paraphyletic in parsimony analyses but monophyletic in maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Leotiomycetes was polyphyletic due to exclusion of Geoglossaceae. The two most basal classes of Pezizomycotina were Orbiliomycetes and Pezizomycetes, both of which comprise species that produce apothecial ascomata. The seven remaining classes formed a monophyletic group that corresponds to Leotiomyceta. Within Leotiomyceta, the supraclass clades of Leotiomycetes s.s. plus Sordariomycetes and Arthoniomycetes plus Dothideomycetes were resolved with moderate support.
We thank these people for providing material in support of this manuscript: A. Amtoft, I. Brodo, W. Buck, P. Crittenden, P. Diederich, D. Ertz, S. Hambleton, D. Hillis, S.M. Huhndorf, S. Joneson, I. Martinez, R. Oliver, M. Garcia Otalora, C. Printzen, M. Saunders, R. Shoemaker, R. Yahr and A. Zavarzin; D. Hibbett, P.B. Matheny, M. Binder and the Basidiomycota AFTOL group for outgroup sequences; P. Crous and Centraal Bureau voor Schimmelcultures for providing isolates; and S. Given and C. Sullivan in the CGRB at Oregon State University for assistance in parallel computing. We also acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (DEB-0228725, Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life to J.W. Spatafora and DEB-0090301, Research Coordination Network: A Phylogeny for Kingdom Fungi to M. Blackwell, J.W. Spatafora and J.W. Taylor).