Re-conceptualizing social anchors in community development: utilizing social anchor theory to create social capital's third dimension

Abstract

Social anchor theory (SAT) states that, within any given community context, there are social institutions that serve to anchor social networks, thereby contextualizing the community and its networks. In this re-conceptualization, social anchors are defined as any institution that supports the development and maintenance of social capital and networks at the community level and provides an attachment for the collective identity of that community. They may take various forms, including schools, sport teams, corporations, natural structures or cultural events. In order to be social anchors, these institutions must allow for social capital development in the form of bonding or bridging, provide a point of connection for various members of the community across racial, gender, and other demographic boundaries, and provide some form of uniqueness or identity for community members. Anchors must enhance or construct a sense of community, trust, or reciprocation within social networks.

Keywords:

• social capital
• parks
• recreation
• leisure
• community based organizations
• neighborhoods
• place making