Assessing Seismic Social Vulnerability in Urban Centers — the Case-Study of Nablus, Palestine

ABSTRACT

Seismic risk depends on three factors: seismic hazard, exposure of assets and communities, and vulnerability—physical and social. Whereas hazard and exposure are harder to act upon, vulnerability can be significantly reduced, if properly characterized for each asset, population, or society in general. This article assesses the social vulnerability and resilience level of the city of Nablus, an important urban center in Palestine. The region, considerably exposed to seismic hazard, features, from the in-built view point, very recent or very old historical buildings, without seismic design provisions. On the socio-economic side, the well-known political conflicts and societal challenges are key vulnerability factors. The method employed was based on Social Vulnerability Indicators (SoVI) extracted from census data, integrated with the more recent SCORECARD approach, which was applied to the urban community of Nablus. The goal was both to obtain an overall vulnerability score for the city and to characterize internal differences among its main areas, connected to its historical urban expansion and patterns. The results show that both physical and social vulnerability can be related and that the city development patterns can mirror the relative social vulnerability.

KEYWORDS:

• Palestine
• resilience
• scorecards
• seismic risk
• social indicators
• social vulnerability

Acknowledgments

This research has been carried out under the project ECHO/SUB/2014/694399 SASPARM 2.0 Support Action for Strengthening Palestine capabilities for seismic Risk Mitigation, co-funded by ECHO – Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection. The authors deeply thank Professor Jalal Al-Dabbeek and his collaborators for their invaluable support in the data collection.

Additional information

Funding

This research has been carried out under the project ECHO/SUB/ 2014/694399 SASPARM 2.0 Support Action for Strengthening Palestine capabilities for seismic Risk Mitigation, co-funded by ECHO – Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection.