Dendrochronology of a Scrapheap, or How the History of Preveli Monastery Was Reconstructed

ABSTRACT

In the Mediterranean region, stone and clay have long been the basic materials for buildings, crafts, and manufacturing. Wood plays a secondary, frequently hidden, role but is almost always present. Commonly considered a ‘less important’ building component, wood has been one of the first materials replaced and frequently discarded during restoration works. In this study, we apply dendrochronological techniques to timbers from Preveli Monastery on the island of Crete in the south Aegean (Greece). Samples were mainly collected from piles of building components discarded during renovations, as well as from standing features like ceiling beams and floorboards. A total of 74 samples from 59 different elements were collected and measured. Four different tree species were identified but by far the majority are fir (Abies sp.) and cypress (Cupressus sempervirens). Tree-ring correlations indicate that the fir timbers are Abies alba from the Alps. Cypress timbers were difficult to date because most samples had multiple false rings. Nevertheless, we were able to date about one-fifth of our cypress samples through comparison with a local cypress chronology. Our findings show that both local and imported timber were used for the Monastery’s restorations during the 18th and 19th centuries AD.

KEYWORDS:

• Abies alba
• Crete
• Cupressus sempervirens
• dendrochronology
• historical wood
• timber

Acknowledgements

This study is the result of two research programs — the Balkan-Aegean Dendrochronology project based at the Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń (Poland) and the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, and an ongoing collaboration between the Cretan Tree-ring Group and the Ephorate of Antiquities of Rethymno, Trees, Timber and Tree-rings in Crete: Byzantine to Ottoman. We are grateful to Mixalis Troulinos, previous Director of the Rethymno Wood Conservation Laboratory, for his help organizing the study in 2013. We also thank Matthew Pople and Wick Dossett for their help collecting samples and the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. Finally, we thank the National Science Centre, Poland (Grant Nr. 2016/22/A/HS3/00285) and the Institute of Aegean Prehistory for their financial support.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Science Centre, Poland [2016/22/A/HS3/00285]; Institute of Aegean Prehistory.