Combined Finite-Discrete Element Model Simulations of Shake-Table Tests on a Full-Scale Masonry Cross Vault

ABSTRACT

This work presents the numerical simulations of shaking table tests of a full-scale masonry cross vault. The boundary conditions simulate the presence of a continuous lateral wall and of a colonnade-between-naves condition. The seismic action is applied along the longitudinal direction of the specimen, with increasing amplitude. The model used for the simulations allows for the elastic finite element modelling of masonry units and the discrete element modelling of the interfaces between them. A tension cut-off governs the interface: no tensile stress can be transmitted once this strength is exceeded. The shear response is defined by cohesion and friction: once the former is exceeded the interface reacts according to Coulomb’s behaviour. The simulations are related to the blind predictions, according to the scheduled tests, and the post-dictions, according to the actual testing sequence. The prediction model overestimates displacements and does not catch the actual crack distribution. Therefore, a post-simulation model was implemented, revising the masonry elastic modulus as well as the stiffness and boundary conditions of the supporting piers. Simulations are improved both in terms of displacement predictions and damage mechanism. Finally, the sensitivity to finite-element size, damping ratio and block discretisation was explored.

KEYWORDS:

• Churches
• collapse mechanism
• FDEM
• incremental dynamic analysis
• Numerical analysis, Finite-discrete element method
• Seismic behaviour
• shake-table test
• Unreinforced Masonry

Acknowledgments

The authors thank architect Elena Pagliuso for her assistance in the creation of the 3D geometrical model of the vault. This work was partially carried out within the research project ‘Damascus: Disintegration Analysis of MASonry Constructions Under Seismic actions’ funded by Sapienza University of Rome, and partially funded by the ‘Dipartimento di Protezione Civile – Consorzio RELUIS’ program. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the funding bodies. OA acknowledges the financial support provided by Regione Lazio (Progetto Fare Ricerca anno 2022).

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the partially funded by the ‘Dipartimento di Protezione Civile – Consorzio RELUIS’ program; partially funded by the financial support provided by Regione Lazio [Progetto Fare Ricerca anno 2022]; partially funded by the research project ‘Damascus: Disintegration Analysis of MASonry Constructions Under Seismic actions’ funded by Sapienza University of Rome.