Abstract
This review focuses on poly(2-oxazoline) containing triblock copolymers and their applications. A detailed overview of the synthetic techniques is provided. Triblock copolymers solely based on poly(2-oxazoline)s can be synthesized by sequential monomer addition utilizing mono- as well as bifunctional initiators for the cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-oxazolines. Crossover and coupling techniques enable access to triblock copolymers comprising, e.g., polyesters, poly(dimethylsiloxane)s, or polyacrylates in combination with poly(2-oxazoline) based segments. Besides systematic studies to develop structure property relationships, these polymers have been applied, e.g., in drug delivery, as (functionalized) vesicles, in segmented networks or as nanoreactors.
Abbreviations | ||
ABuOx | = | 2-(4-amino)butyl-2-oxazoline; |
CH3CN | = | acetonitrile; |
AFM | = | atomic force microscopy; |
BBMBP | = | 4,4′-bis(bromomethyl)biphenyl; |
bpy(CH2Cl)2 | = | 5,5′-bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine; |
BuOx | = | 2-n-butyl-2-oxazoline; |
ButenOx | = | 2-(3-butenyl)-1,3-oxazoline; |
CEtOx | = | 2-carboxyethyl-2-oxazoline; |
CinFOx | = | N-(10-(4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)decyl)cinnamamide; |
CMC | = | critical micelle concentration; |
CPOx | = | 2-cyclopropyl-2-oxazoline; |
CROP | = | cationic ring-opening polymerization; |
CTA | = | chain transfer agent; |
CuACC | = | copper-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition; |
DBX | = | α,α′-dibromo-p-xylene; |
DiFPhOx | = | 2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-oxazoline; |
DiIP | = | 1,3-diiodopropane; |
DLS | = | dynamic light scattering; |
DMSO | = | dimethyl sulfoxide; |
DMTA | = | dynamic thermal mechanical analysis; |
DP | = | degree of polymerization; |
DSC | = | differential scanning calometry; |
EPOx | = | 2-(1-ethylpentyl)-2-oxazoline; |
Et(OTs)2 | = | ethylene di(p-toluenesulfonate); |
EtOx | = | 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline; |
HeptOx | = | 2-heptyl-2-oxazoline; |
iBuOx | = | 2-isobutyl-2-oxazoline; |
iPentOx | = | 2-isopentyl-2-oxazoline; |
iPrOx | = | 2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline; |
LCST | = | lower critical solution temperature; |
MALDI-ToF MS | = | matrix assisted laser absorption–desorption ionization – time of flight mass spectrometry; |
MeONs | = | methyl 4-nitrobenzenesulfonate; |
MeOTf | = | methyl triflourmethylsulfonate; |
MeOTs | = | methyl p-toluenesulfonate; |
MeOx | = | 2-methyl-2-oxazoline; |
MPEG-OTs | = | poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether p-toluenesulfonate; |
MTT | = | 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; |
NMP | = | nitroxide mediated polymerization; |
NonOx | = | 2-nonyl-2-oxazoline; |
OctOx | = | 2-octyl-2-oxazoline; |
Ox | = | 2-oxazoline; |
PBD | = | polybutadiene; |
PCL | = | polycaprolactone; |
PDMS | = | polydimethylsiloxane; |
PEG | = | poly(ethylene glycol); |
PEI | = | poly(ethylene imine); |
PentOx | = | 2-n-pentyl-2-oxazoline; |
PEVE | = | poly(ethyl vinyl ether); |
PFPhOx | = | (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-2-oxazoline; |
PhOx | = | 2-phenyl-2-oxazoline; |
PLA | = | poly(lactic acid); |
PMHS | = | poly(methylhydrosiloxane); |
POx | = | poly(2-oxazoline)s; |
PPO | = | poly(propylene oxide); |
Propargyl-OTs | = | propargyl p-toluenesulfonate; |
PrOx | = | 2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline; |
PS | = | polystyrene; |
PTHF | = | polytetrahydrofuran; |
RAFT | = | reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer; |
ROP | = | ring-opening polymerization; |
SAXS | = | small-angle X-ray scattering; |
SEC | = | size exclusion chromatography; |
SANS | = | small angle neutron scattering; |
secBuOx | = | 2-sec-butyl-2-oxazoline; |
Sn(oct)2 | = | tin(II) octoate; |
TDBB | = | trans-1,4-dibromo-2-butene; |
TEM | = | transmission electron microscopy; |
TetFPhOx | = | 2-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-2-oxazoline; |
TREN | = | N,N-bis(2-aminoethyl)ethylenediamine; |
TriFPhOx | = | 2-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-2-oxazoline; |
UnOx | = | 2-undecyl-2-oxazoline; |
UV | = | ultraviolet; |
WAXS | = | wide-angle X-ray scattering |