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Abstract
This article analyses the process of democratisation and democratic consolidation in Kosovo. In doing so, it presents a framework for analysing democratisation and democratic consolidation as two distinct processes. Early efforts at democratisation in Kosovo as part of the former Yugoslavia stalled with the violent conflict of the 1990s, and were only revived with the deployment of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) in 1999. Despite any successes that UNMIK may have had in promoting democratisation however, democratic consolidation remained elusive, in large part because of Kosovo's lack of sovereignty. The declaration of independence in February 2008 changed the situation, providing an opportunity for democratic consolidation. The article provides an analysis of the new constitution and the first post-independence general elections in an effort to evaluate local democracy, arguing that although limited progress had been made, Kosovo had not achieved democratic consolidation by the end of 2011.
Notes
It is important to note that democratic practices in this instance are not limited to elections, and legislative deliberation. Legally constituted courts may exercise a right of judicial review that is well within the realm of consolidated democracy.
The members of the ISG are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovenia, Switzerland, Sweden, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The ICR/EUSR is Peter Fieth of Holland.
The President is elected by the Kosovo Assembly.
Results are from the website of the Kosovo Central Election Commission. http://www.kqz-ks.org/SKQZ-WEB/en/zgjedhjetekosoves/rezultatetzp.html.