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Abstract
This study focuses on field measurements of both the velocity and total suspended solids within a combined sewer through use of a two-dimensional sampler called Hydre. The paper begins by presenting this instrument and its experimental applications. The discussion centers on the recorded velocities and concentrations; moreover, analyses of results demonstrate the ability of this Hydre device to provide robust suspended solids and velocity profiles in sewers for a range of flow conditions.
Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank the technical staffs of both the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (Division of Water and the Environment, Division of Metrology and Instrumentation - this institute was merged into IFSTTAR in 2011) and the Nantes Metropolitan Wastewater Authority for their valuable contributions to these experiments.
This text has been proofread by Robert Sachs, a certified French-to-English translator.
| = | aspect ratio | |
| b | = | width of the free surface (m) |
| C | = | concentration (mg.L− 1) |
| = | Froude number | |
| g = 9.81 | = | gravitational acceleration (m.s− 2) |
| h | = | water level (m) |
| hmax | = | maximum water level (m) |
| hmin | = | minimum water level (m) |
| K | = | Manning-Strickler coefficient(m5/2.s− 1) |
| = | Reynolds number | |
| Rh | = | hydraulic radius (m) |
| Sm | = | wetted area of the vertical cross-section(m2) |
| Si | = | elementary area (m2) |
| U | = | flow velocity (m.s− 1) |
| Vi | = | local velocity in the elementary area Si (m.s− 1) |
| Vm | = | mean velocity (m.s− 1) |
| ν = 10− 6 | = | water viscosity (m2.s− 1) |