Toward life-cycle reliability-, risk- and resilience-based design and assessment of bridges and bridge networks under independent and interacting hazards: emphasis on earthquake, tsunami and corrosion

Abstract

After recent large earthquakes, field investigations confirmed that several bridges were severely damaged and collapsed not only due to the earthquake, as an independent hazard, but also to the subsequent tsunami, landslide or fault displacement. In addition, long-term material deterioration might have an important impact on seismic damage to bridges. Therefore, it is important to study both independent and interacting hazards and their effects on the reliability and risk of bridges and bridge networks. Although earthquake is still a dominant hazard to bridges in many earthquake-prone countries, a life-cycle reliability and risk approach has to consider both independent and interrelated hazards causing bridge failure. Such an approach is presented in this paper. In addition, issues related to life-cycle analysis, design, risk, resilience and management of bridges under earthquake and other hazards are discussed. Finally, the concepts and methods presented are illustrated on both single bridges and bridge networks.

Keywords:

• Life-cycle
• reliability
• risk
• resilience
• hazard
• earthquakes
• bridge
• bridge network

Acknowledgments

The authors express sincere appreciation to Dr. Masayuki Yoshimi, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology of Japan, for his suggestions related to seismic fault parameters. The authors also thank Prof. Shunichi Koshimura at Tohoku University for many suggestions on the topic of tsunami propagation analysis. Special appreciation is extended to Dr. Sopokhem Lim and Mr. Kengo Nanami at Waseda University.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was financially supported by JSPS KAKENHI [Grant Number JP 16H02357, 16KK0152 and 16H04403], the Institute for Research on Safety and Security of Greater Tokyo, US National Science Foundation Award [CMMI-1537926] and the US Federal Highway Administration Cooperative Agreement Award [DTFH61-07-H-00040]. The opinions and conclusions presented in this paper are only those of the authors.