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Addiction Research & Theory Volume 17, 2009 - Issue 1
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Response Commentary

Reply to Stockwell and Kerr

James McIntosh Economics Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, H3G1M8, Canada; The Danish Centre for Social Research, Copenhagen, DenmarkCorrespondence[email protected]
Pages 96-98 | Received 26 Oct 2008, Accepted 27 Oct 2008, Published online: 11 Jul 2009
 
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Notes

Notes

1. The time series econometrics literature on causality clearly demonstrates that causal relations can go in both directions simultaneously, so that heart disease might cause individuals to drink less in no way diminishes the probability that moderate alcohol lowers the probability of heart disease.

2. These are αn = 0.234* (0.095) and αns = 0.010 (0.010).

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