Composition of social networks to build recovery capital differ across early and stable stages of recovery

Abstract

Background

Recovery capital describes the sum of resources – personal, social, or community – that can be drawn upon to sustain recovery from addiction. Recovery capital increases with progression through the stages of recovery; early (< 1 year), sustained (1 to 5 years), stable (> 5 years). The proportion of people in recovery within one’s social network, as well as the number of supports, have been associated with greater recovery capital, although recovery capital has been found to be lower if one’s entire network is in recovery. It remains unclear which social network characteristics are more important at early compared to stable recovery stages.

Method

The study assesses recovery strengths and barriers using the Strengths and Barriers Recovery Scale (SABRS) from the Australian Life in Recovery survey (n = 478). SABRS scores were compared between periods of active addiction and recovery, and across the stages of recovery. The impact of social network characteristics on SABRS score across early and stable recovery stages were also explored.

Results

Recovery social network diversity (some network members in recovery but not all or none) was associated with more recovery strengths in early but not stable recovery. However, for those in stable recovery, having a greater number of close people in a network was more important.

Conclusion

The study provides evidence that the elements (e.g. diversity and number of supports) of a social network that facilitate recovery capital change as individuals progress through recovery stages, and highlights the importance of peer support in early recovery.

Keywords:

• Recovery stages
• recovery careers
• addiction
• recovery capital
• social network

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the participants, research staff (including Michael Savic, Ramez Bathish, and many others), and volunteers, without whom this project would not have been possible. DL is supported by a NHMRC Leadership Fellowship.

Ethical statement

The Australian Life in Recovery study was approved by the Eastern Health Human Research Ethics Committee. Participants provided informed consent.

Disclosure statement

The authors report no conflict of interest.

Data availability statement

The participants of this study did not give written consent for their raw (non-aggregated) data to be shared publicly, so due to the sensitive nature of the research supporting data is not available.

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.