Examining gender differences in the determinants of Masters Swimmers' sport commitment

Abstract

This study examined gender differences in levels of sport commitment and commitment determinants, and differences among determinants for predicting functional (FC) and obligatory commitment (OC). Based on questionnaire data from competitive Masters swimmers (235 m; 272 f; M age = 51.5 yr, range = 25–80), males reported significantly (p < .05) higher OC, involvement alternatives, personal investment, and social constraints levels. Enjoyment significantly predicted males' and females' FC levels, yet personal investments uniquely predicted females' FC. Social constraints, involvement opportunities, and involvement alternatives explained OC levels for both genders, yet social support and personal investments were unique predictors for males and females, respectively. Findings provide evidence that sport commitment and determinants, can vary by gender.

Keywords:

• gender
• commitment
• Masters athletes

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by a Strategic Initiative Grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada in concert with Sport Canada.