The prognostic potential of long noncoding RNA XIST in cardiovascular diseases: a review

Abstract

There is a significant mortality rate associated with cardiovascular disease despite advances in treatment. long Non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in many biological processes and their dysregulation is associated with a wide range of diseases in which their downstream pathways are disrupted. A lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) is well known as a factor that regulates the physiological process of chromosome dosage compensation for females. According to recent studies, lncRNA XIST is involved in a variety of cellular processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, oxidative stress and inflammation, through molecular networks with microRNAs and their downstream targets in neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. Because these cellular processes play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, we aim to investigate the role that lncRNA XIST plays in this process. Additionally, we wish to determine whether it is a prognostic factor or a potential therapeutic target in these diseases.

Article highlights

• The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) can regulate the expression of different genes with endogenous RNAs function in cardiovascular disease, implying that it may be a potential biomarker.

• The lncRNA XIST plays an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis through its role in endogenous RNAs networks, and its overexpression could be considered a poor prognostic factor.

• The majority of studies agree that overexpression of the long noncoding RNA XIST contributes to cardiomyocyte death in myocardial infarction and ischemia-reperfusion injury, but further investigation is required.

• It is unclear whether XIST has a prognostic significance in other cardiovascular diseases, which requires further investigation.

Keywords: :

• Cardiovascular disease
• lncRNAs
• lncRNA XIST
• pathogenesis
• prognosis

Acknowledgments

The authors express their sincere appreciation to their esteemed colleagues at the Clinical Research Development Unit, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, for their invaluable collaboration and support.

Author contributions

D Purrahman and H Haybar and were the principal investigators of the study E Sarbazjoda and N Saki were included in preparing the concept and design. MRM Sani and N Saki revisited the manuscript and critically evaluated the intellectual contents. All authors participated in preparing the final draft of the manuscript, revised the manuscript and critically evaluated the intellectual contents. All authors have read and approved the content of the manuscript and confirmed the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work.

Financial disclosure

Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

Competing interests disclosure

The authors have no competing interests or relevant affiliations with any organization or entity with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Writing disclosure

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Data availability statement

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Additional information

Funding

Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.