An insight on the different synthetic routes for the facile synthesis of O/S-donor carbamide/thiocarbamide analogs and their miscellaneous pharmacodynamic applications

ABSTRACT

This review provides comprehensive data on the recent advances in various preparative methods of carbamides/thiocarbamides possessing oxygen/sulfur donor sites and their biological relevance. This review summarizes the numerous protocols for synthesizing carbamides/thiocarbamides from isocyanides, amidines, or amines, carbamates, alkyl halides are described, and also their green synthesis thus considerably expanding the scope of carbamides/thiocarbamides chemistry. Due to its tunable physicochemical and structural features, carbamide/thiocarbamide-based scaffolds are widely used in medicinal chemistry. Nowadays, protein kinase inhibitors are the topic of interest for several drug development initiatives in the pharmaceutical industry, because genetic changes such as mutations, overexpression, translocations, and dysregulation are all involved in the pathogenesis of many disorders. In this review, the compounds comprising carbamide/thiocarbamide pharmacophore have significant efficacy in comparison with the typical antibiotics against many bacterial strains which cause nosocomial infections and have acquired resistance to numerous medicines in the treatment of bacterial infections as well as a variety of ageing-related health issues such as cancer, antioxidants to inhibit uncontrolled growth of cells in the biological system, antifungal agents to inhibit the fungus growth, and neurological dysfunction have been described.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Carbamides
• thiocarbamides
• green synthesis
• anticancer agent
• protein kinase inhibitor
• antioxidant

Acknowledgements

Dr. Faiza Asghar is highly grateful to University of Wah.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).