The immobilization of L-Valine on superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as a novel, recoverable and green nanocatalyst for the synthesis of new thiazole derivatives

Abstract

The novel immobilization of L-Valine on superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was prepared using a simple protocol for the first time. This compound acts as a highly efficient and recyclable heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the synthesis of thiazole derivatives via a one-pot and multi-component condensation reaction of arylglyoxals monohydrate, cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls, and thiobenzamides in a water solvent. The structure of the nanocatalyst was characterized and confirmed using various techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy Dispersive X-ray (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). This heterogeneous nanocatalyst can be easily recovered from the reaction mixture by an external magnetic field and reused for subsequent reactions at least five times without losing significant catalytic activity.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Fe₃O₄@L-Valine
• superparamagnetic nanocatalyst
• thiazoles
• arylglyoxal monohydrate
• cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls
• thiobenzamides

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with animal or human subjects performed by any of the authors.

Data availability statement

In the supplementary materials of this article, there are data that support the findings of this study.

Additional information

Funding

We are grateful to the Research Council of the University of Sistan and Baluchistan for the partial support of this research.