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Original Articles

Rethinking the New ENP: A Vision for an Enhanced European Role in the Arab Revolutions

Pages 40-60 | Published online: 11 Mar 2013
 

Abstract

This article assesses European responses to the Arab uprisings and, in particular, the introduced change in the European Union policy toward its southern neighborhood. The presented analyses provide a profound scrutiny and assessment of the new version of the European Neighbourhood Policy, empirical evidence of persisting security considerations post-2011 in Euro–Arab relations, and a more elaborated vision of future Euro–Arab relations, attempting to balance between three considerations: security, democracy, and governance.

Notes

This article is based on a broader research project that the author has conducted in a research fellowship at the Research College KFG, “The Transformative Power of Europe,” Freie Universität Berlin, in 2011–2012. The research project has been published as Sally Khalifa Isaac (May 2012), Europe and the Arab Revolutions: From a Weak to a Proactive Response to a Changing Neighborhood. KFG Working Papers Series 39, Kolleg-Forschergruppe (KFG), Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin.

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14. Der Spiegel, op. cit.

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23. Sally Khalifa Isaac, Six Months After the Egyptian Revolution: Prospects in the Struggle to Change the Unchanged, Analysis No. 66 (Milan: ISPI, 2011); Sally Khalifa Isaac, Where is Egypt Heading? Reasons Why No One Really Knows (Milan: ISPI, 2012).

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25. Ibid.

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32. European Commission (4 May 2011). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Communication on Migration, Brussels, COMc(2011) 248 final.

33. Ibid.

34. Radwan Ziadeh, op. cit., 7; Francesca Bertin and Elena Fontanari, Militarizing the Mediterranean: Enforcing Europe's Borders has Meant Abandoning Some of Its Principles (Berlin: Internationale Politik (IP-GE), 2011).

35. Ana Gomes, “Protecting EU borders,” in Giles Merritt, ed., Maritime Security in the Mediterranean: Challenges and Policy Responses (Brussels: Security and Defense Agenda, 2011) 27–28.

36. European Commission, COM(2011) 248 final, op. cit.

37. European Commission, Directorate General for Energy, Registration of Crude Oil Imports and Deliveries in the EU, period: 1–12/2010.

38. Nathalie Tocci and Jean-Pierre Cassarino, op. cit., 6.

39. Assem Abdel Khaleq (27 December 2011). “Revolution's Gains: Seats to Islamists and Legitimacy to Israel,” Al Ahram Newspaper, 11.

40. Jason Ukman (29 December 2011). “U.S. Saudi Arabia Strike $30 Billion Arms Deal,” The Washington Post.

41. Christian-Peter Hanelt and Michael Bauer (June 2011). “The Arab World Poised between the Revolution and Repression,” Bertelsmann Stiftung, Spotlight Europe No. 2011/03.

42. Stefano Manservisi, “Towards an Effective Integrated Maritime Policy: New Roles and Priorities,” in Giles Merritt, ed., Maritime Security in the Mediterranean: Challenges and Policy Responses (Brussels: Security and Defense Agenda, 2011), 7–8.

43. Ana Gomes, op. cit., 27–28.

44. European Commission (4 May 2011). COM(2011) 248 final, op. cit.

45. Sally Khalifa Isaac (2012), “NATO's Intervention in Libya: Assessment and Implications,” IEMed Mediterranean Yearbook 2012 (Barcelona: European Institute of the Mediterranean).

46. Eman E-Shenawi, Are Egypt's Old Chums Coming Soon? http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/07/12/157283.html (accessed December 1, 2011).

47. Pepe Escobar, Turkey Takes Over the Arab Spring. http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=26592 (accessed December 1, 2011).

48. European Commission (November 2010). EU Joint Strategy Paper for Iraq 2011–2013: Concept Note, http://www.eeas.europa.eu/iraq/docs/2011_2013_concept_note_en.pdf (accessed December 1, 2011).

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