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Notes
1. Susan Butler, Roosevelt and Stalin: Portrait of a Partnership (New York: Vintage Books, 2015).
2. Some of the relevant literature is discussed in Robert P. Hager, Jr. and Robert S. Snyder, “The United States and Nicaragua: Understanding the Breakdown in Relations,” Journal of Cold War Studies 17, no. 2 (2015): 3–35; and Robert P. Hager, Jr., “A Cold War before the Cold War: Early Soviet Relations with the West,” Democracy and Security 12, no. 2 (2016): 114–122.
3. George F. Kennan, Russia and the West under Lenin and Stalin (Boston: Little, Brown, 1960), 355.
4. M. Stanton Evans and Herbert Romerstein, Stalin’s Secret Agents: The Subversion of Roosevelt’s Government (New York: Threshold Editions, 2012), 24.
5. Butler, Roosevelt and Stalin, 14.
6. Ibid., 14 and 112–113.
7. George F. Kennan, Memoirs 1925–1950 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1967), 56.
8. Butler, Roosevelt and Stalin, 150.
9. Richard Pipes, Russia under the Bolshevik Regime (New York: Vintage Books, 1995), 234–236.
10. Butler, Roosevelt and Stalin, 7.
11. Strong’s enthusiasm for totalitarians would later be transferred over to her constant shilling for the China of Mao Zedong. David Caute, The Fellow Travelers: A Postscript to the Enlightenment (London: Quartet Books, 1977), especially 71–75 and 379; and Paul Hollander, Political Pilgrims: Travels of Western Intellectuals to the Soviet Union, China, and Cuba (New York: Harper Colophon Books, 1983), 89–90,108, 120, 126, 142, 357, and 373.
12. Butler, Roosevelt and Stalin, 164.
13. John Lewis Gaddis, Russia, the Soviet Union, and the United States: An Interpretive History, 2nd ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990), 130–133.
14. Butler, Roosevelt and Stalin, especially 324–331.
15. Ibid., 504.
16. Ibid., especially 387–394.
17. John W. Garver, Chinese–Soviet Relations 1937–1945: The Diplomacy of Chinese Nationalism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), 272.
18. Butler, Roosevelt and Stalin, 394–395.
19. Michael M. Sheng, Battling Western Imperialism: Mao, Stalin and the United States (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997).
20. Sergei N. Goncharov, John W. Lewis, and Xue Litai, Uncertain Partners: Stalin, Mao, and the Korean War (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993), 11–12.
21. Butler, Roosevelt and Stalin, 159–160.
22. Richard M. Watt, Bitter Glory: Poland and Its Fate 1918–1939 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984), especially 455–462.
23. Butler, Roosevelt and Stalin, 374.
24. Hugh Seton-Watson, The East European Revolution, 3rd ed. (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1956), 110–111.
25. Butler, Roosevelt and Stalin, 128–129 and 331–332.
26. Ibid., 497–509.
27. Paul C. Avey, “Confronting Soviet Power: US Policy during the Early Cold War,” International Security 36, no. 4 (2012): 151–188. Robert Gellately, Stalin’s Curse: Battling for Communism in War and Cold War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013), especially 137–146, also presents the view that Truman did not shift automatically to an anti-Soviet policy.
28. “Text: President Obama’s Speech in Cairo,” New York Times, 4 June 2009, http//:www.nytimes.com (accessed June 9, 2009).
29. Jeffrey Goldberg, “The Obama Doctrine: The US President Talks through His Hardest Decision about America’s Role in the World,” The Atlantic, April 2016, especially 15, 26, 30–31, 47–49, 64, and 76; http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/04/the-obama-doctrine/471525/ (accessed July 8, 2016).
30. Reuel Marc Gerecht, “Done Deal? Barack Obama’s Disastrous Iran legacy,” Weekly Standard, 23 May 2016, http://www.weeklystandard.com/print/done-deal/article/2002384 (accessed July 14, 2016).