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Original Articles

Interregional Migration and Thresholds: Evidence from Spain

, &
Pages 276-293 | Received 25 Sep 2014, Accepted 05 Jan 2016, Published online: 09 Mar 2016
 

Abstract

We analyse the effects of labour market factors on interregional migration in Spain for the period 1988–2010. A basic theoretical framework is developed, suggesting that the effect of labour market variables on migration varies, depending on a certain threshold. The model implications are tested using a new approach based on the presence of endogenous thresholds. We show that Spanish interregional migration can be explained by labour market variables when the labour market conditions at the source region are unfavourable relative to those of the host region. We test the results for several migrant characteristics, such as citizenship, the age range, and return migration.

Migration inter-régionale et seuils - résultats de la recherche en Espagne

Résumé

Nous analysons les effets du marché du travail sur la migration inter-régionale en Espagne, au cours de la période 1988 – 2010. Un cadre théorique de base est mis en place, d'après lequel l'effet de variables du marché du travail sur la migration varie en fonction d'un certain seuil. On soumet ensuite les implications du modèle à des essais, en appliquant une nouvelle méthode basée sur la présence de seuils endogènes. Nous démontrons que la migration inter-régionale en Espagne peut s'expliquer par des variables du marché du travail, lorsque les conditions du marché du travail dans la région d'origine sont défavorables par rapport à celles de la région hôte. Nous testons enfin les résultats en fonction de plusieurs caractéristiques de migrants, par exemple la nationalité, la tranche d’âge, et la migration de retour.

La migración interregional y los umbrales: evidencia de España

Resumen

Se analizan los efectos de los factores del mercado laboral sobre la migración interregional en España durante el periodo comprendido entre los años 1988 y 2010. Se desarrolla un marco teórico básico, que sugiere que el efecto de las variables del mercado laboral sobre la migración varía, según un umbral determinado. Se prueban las implicaciones del modelo usando un nuevo enfoque que se basa en la presencia de los umbrales endógenos. Se demuestra que la migración interregional española puede explicarse a través de las variables del mercado laboral cuando las condiciones de dicho mercado en la región de origen no son favorables en relación con las condiciones de la región de destino. Se evalúan los resultados de varias características de los migrantes, como la nacionalidad, la edad y la migración de retorno.

标题

区域间人口迁移和临界值:

西班牙实证我们分析西班牙1988-2010年间劳动力市场因素对区域间人口迁移的影响。建立的一个基本理论框架显示劳动力市场变量对人口迁移的影响因应某一临界点而出现变化。使用基于含有内生临界点的新方法测试了模型的作用。我们显示当人口来源区域的劳动力市场条件比东道主区域的劳动力市场条件差时可以通过劳动力市场变量来解释西班牙区域间的人口迁移。我们测试了几个移民特征例如国籍、年龄段和回归迁移等的结果。

JEL Classification:

Notes

1. From a different angle, the link between the real estate market and the migration phenomenon in Spain is evidenced in Gonzalez and Ortega (Citation2013), who study the causality of the international immigration vis-à-vis housing prices.

2. The so-called scale effect is formally studied in Reichlin and Rustichini (Citation1998) and empirically tested for the Spanish data in Clemente, Larramona, and Montuenga (Citation2013).

3. We do not include the unemployment rate in logs because it is a bounded variable.

4. Another methodology that tests for this kind of non-linearity is the semi-parametric analysis implemented, among others, in Maza and Moral-Arce (Citation2006) for the wage–productivity relationship.

5. Elasticity of the housing price in the source region is near the limit of acceptance.

6. Results for the three threshold variables are available from the authors upon request.

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