Comparison of glucose variability in patients with type 2 diabetes administrated glargine with needle-free jet injector and conventional insulin pen

ABSTRACT

Background

The effects of insulin delivered by needle-free jet injector on glycemic variations (GV) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) which remains largely unknown.

Research design and methods

We aimed to compare the glucose variability in Chinese T2D patients administrated glargine 100 U/mL (Gla-100) with a needle-free jet injector and conventional insulin pen. This was a self-comparative, observational study of 26 patients who were subjected to a flash glucose monitoring system (FGM) for 14 consecutive days. During the study period, all subjects received Gla-100 daily before breakfast using a conventional insulin pen, with the exception of day 3 and day 7, when insulin was delivered by needle-free jet injection. We analyzed FGM data of day 3, day 5, day 7, and day 9 at the endpoint.

Results

There were no differences in the glycemic variability between the jet injector group and the conventional pen group. However, patients with needle-free jet injection had a lower 24 hr mean glucose (MG) and lower incremental area under the curve (AUC) of 1 hr, 12 hr, and 24 hr, compared to the conventional pen group (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Gla-100 delivered by needle-free jet injection potentially lowered MG in patients with T2D in the Chinese population.

KEYWORDS:

• Flash glucose monitoring
• Gla-100
• glycemic variation
• needle-free jet injection
• type 2 diabetes

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Sanxin medical apparatus and instruments Jiangxi Co., Ltd for preparing the insulin pens, and the patients for their participation in this study. The authors also express their appreciation to Professor Frank Elliott, who contributed to the final proof of the manuscript.

Author Contributions

JH Ma and XF Su contributed to the conception and design of the study. YX Sun, J Wang, HQ Li, and XJ Su contributed to the conduct/data collection. J Wang, YX Sun, and HQ Li contributed to data analysis. YX Sun contributed to manuscript writing. XF Su and JH Ma performed the final approval of the manuscript.

Declaration of Interest

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Reviewer Disclosures

Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.

Additional information

Funding

This study and article processing charges were supported by the National Key R&D Program of China [No. 2018YFC1314103].