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ABSTRACT
Background: To investigate the effects of insulin glargine injection given with a QS-P jet injector on the glucose profile using a professional mode flash glucose monitoring (FGM) system in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Research design and methods: In this randomized, controlled, cross-sectional study, 66 patients with T2DM who received insulin glargine (12–18 IU/day) injection were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into group A (jet injector before insulin pen) and group B (insulin pen before jet injector). Each subject injected insulin daily before breakfast. We analyzed the changes in the glucose profile using a professional mode FGM system.
Results: Treatment with a jet injector led to significantly lower 24-h mean glucose, maximum blood glucose, area under the curve (AUC) > 10.0 mmol/L, time above range and increased AUC < 3.9 mmol/L and time below range than those when using an insulin pen. There was no difference in glycemic variability between the two groups. We observed that patients using a jet injector had significantly lower mean glucose between 12:00 to 22:00.
Conclusions: Needle-free jet injection of insulin glargine was more effective than use of an insulin pen for good glycemic control in patients with T2DM.
Clinical trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier is NCT04093284.
Article highlights
This study aimed to investigate the effects of insulin glargine administered using a QS-P jet injector on the glucose profile and safety in patients with T2DM.
The 24-h mean glucose was significantly lower in the jet injector group than in the insulin pen group.
There was a significant improvement in glycemic control when insulin glargine was administered using a jet injector.
Patients using a jet injector had significantly lower mean glucose levels from 12:00 to 22:00 compared to those using an insulin pen.
The risk of hypoglycemia was higher in the jet injector group.
There was no significant difference in operation convenience, satisfaction, acceptance, or injection pain scores.
Acknowledgments
We thank all of the participants for their cooperation, and members of Endocrinology department of Nanjing First hospital for their support.
Declaration of interest
The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.
Reviewer disclosures
A reviewer on this manuscript has disclosed that they are a scientific founder and minor stockholder of Portal Instruments, Inc. The company is not currently working in insulin delivery for diabetes management and the reviewer has no ongoing employment/research/consulting relationship with Portal Instruments. Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no other relevant financial relationships or otherwise to disclose.
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
Jianhua Ma
JHM, HQL and YH designed the study. HQL, XCK, LC, PZ and RNY contributed in contributing the study and data collection. XCK, MHL and HQL analysed the data. XCK contributed to write the first draft. JHM, HQL and MHL gave final approval of the manuscript. The guarantor of this manuscript is JHM.JHM, HQL and YH designed the study. HQL, XCK, LC, PZ and RNY contributed in contributing the study and data collection. XCK, MHL and HQL analysed the data. XCK contributed to write the first draft. JHM, HQL and MHL gave final approval of the manuscript. The guarantor of this manusc