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Sport in Society
Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics
Volume 9, 2006 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

‘Here be Dragons, Here be Savages, Here be bad Plumbing’: Australian Media Representations of Sport and Terrorism

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Pages 71-93 | Published online: 18 Aug 2006
 

Abstract

As ‘Propaganda Theorists’ argue, an examination of key discourses can enhance our understanding of how economic, political and social debate is shaped by mainstream media reporting. In this essay we present content and discourse analysis of Australian media reporting on the nexus of sport and terrorism. Examining newspaper reports over a five-year period, from 1996–2001, which included the 11 September 2001 terrorist tragedy in the United States (9/11), provides useful insights into how public discourse might be influenced with regard to sport and terrorism interrelationships. The results of the media analysis suggest that hegemonic tropes are created around sport and terrorism. The distilled message is one of good and evil, with homilies of sport employed in metaphors for western society and its values. The reactions and responses of sport administrators and athletes to terrorist acts and the threat of terrorism to sport are used to exemplify these ideals, providing newspaper readers a context within which to localize meaning and relevance.

Notes

 [1] Turner, ‘CitationMedia Texts and Messages‘, 326.

 [4] Bernstein, ‘CitationIs it Time for a Victory Lap?‘, 416.

 [5] Whitlam and Preston, ‘CitationSports Journalism as an Information Resource‘, 194.

 [6] Cashman, Citation Paradise of Sport .

 [8] Toohey and Taylor, ‘CitationSport and Terrorism in the Australian Media‘.

 [9] Herman and Chomsky, Citation Manufacturing Consent .

[10] Rintala and Birrell quoted in Petersen, ‘Examining Equity in Newspaper Photographs’, 303.

[11] Chomsky, Mitchell and Schoeffel, Understanding Power: The Indispensable Chomsky, 29.

[12] Herman and Chomsky, Manufacturing Consent, 198.

[13] The Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, ‘CitationAdvancing the National Interest‘, 3.

[14] The Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, ‘CitationAdvancing the National Interest‘, 3.

[16] Herman, ‘CitationThe Propaganda Model‘.

[17] Chomsky, Mitchell and Schoeffel, Citation Understanding Power: The Indispensable Chomsky , 35.

[19] Chomsky, Mitchell and Schoeffel, Understanding Power: The Indispensable Chomsky, 13.

[20] Mitchell and Schoeffel, Understanding Power: The Indispensable Chomsky, 13., 25

[21] Nelson, ‘Moral Agency in a Propaganda System’, 6.

[23] Chomsky, Mitchell and Schoeffel, Understanding Power: The Indispensable Chomsky, 18.

[25] Klaehn, ‘Debate: Model Constructions: Various other Epistemological Concerns’, 379.

[26] Klaehn, ‘Behind the Invisible Curtain of Scholarly Criticism’, 366.

[27] Klaehn, ‘Behind the Invisible Curtain of Scholarly Criticism’., 362.

[28] Riffe, Lacy and Fico, Citation Analyzing Media Messages .

[31] Martin, Citation Communication and Mass Media , 243., 243–4.

[33] Council on Foreign Relations.

[34] Tsfati and Weimann, ‘Citationwww.terror.com: Terror on the Internet’.

[35] Jenkins, in Tsfati and Welmann, ‘www.terror.com: Terror on the Internet’, 318.

[36] United States Department of State, Citation Patterns of Global Terrorism .

[37] Tsfati and Weimann, ‘www.terror.com: Terror on the Internet’.

[38] Selth, Citation Against Every Human Law , xxiii.

[40] United Nations, ‘CitationDefinitions of Terrorism‘.

[41] Whitaker, ‘CitationThe Definition of Terrorism‘.

[42] Freedman, Citation Superterrorism

[43] Tsfati and Weimann, ‘www.terror.com: Terror on the Internet’, 317.

[44] Freedman, Superterrorism, 9.

[45] Australian Institute of Criminology, In Selth, Against Every Human Law, xxiv.

[46] Council on Foreign Relations, ‘CitationTerrorism: Questions and Answers’.

[47] Freedman, Superterrorism, 10.

[48] Whitaker, ‘The Definition of Terrorism’.

[49] Selth, Against Every Human Law.

[50] Freedman, Superterrorism.

[51] Terrorism Research Centre, ‘CitationThe Basics of Terrorism: Part Two‘.

[52] Wedermeyer, ‘CitationSport and Terrorism‘.

[53] Atkinson and Young, ‘CitationTerror Games‘, 54.

[54] Atkinson and Young, ‘CitationTerror Games‘, 54.

[55] Cascadia Media Collective, Citation War Times News .

[56] P. Broughton, ‘Saddam Running Training Camps for Terrorists, say Defector’. News Telegraph [cited 9 Nov. 2001]: 9. Available from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml = /news/2001/11/09/wirq09.xml.

[57] North et al., Citation Content Analysis .

[58] Krippendorff, 1980.

[59] Shapiro and Markoff, ‘CitationA Matter of Definition‘.

[60] Rintala and Birrell, in Pedersen, ‘Examining Equity in Newspaper Photographs’, 303.

[62] ‘Decision a Free Kick to Terrorists’, Daily Telegraph (11 Oct. 2001): 24.

[63] M. Gandon, ‘It's All About the Game’. Illawarra Mercury (29 Oct. 2001): 55.

[64] M. Carlton, ‘League Tour Off: The World Can Breathe Easy’. Sydney Morning Herald (13 Oct. 2001): 50.

[65] ‘Afghan Seeks Matches in Australia’, Canberra Times (4 Nov. 2001): 89.

[66] J. Jeansonne, ‘Joyless Nation Needs a Sporting Chance John’. Sun Herald (21 Oct. 2001): 82.

[67] D. Weidler, ‘FBI Warns Tiger to Play it Safe’. Sun Herald (23 Sept. 2001): 88.

[68] ‘Kangaroos Bow to the Pressure’, Courier Mail (12 Oct. 2001): 16.

[69] Maloney, The Evening Post (4 Nov. 2001): 3.

[70] D. Gihooly, ‘Wiggles Outshine League’. Times (15 Oct. 2001): 2.

[71] ‘English Blast Roo No Show’, Daily Telegraph (11 Oct. 2001): 60.

[72] G. Baum, ‘Freedom of Choice is the Name of the Game’. The Age (15 Oct. 2001): 3.

[73] S. Mascord, ‘No James Bond on Their Tails but Security Will Keep the Kangaroos Under Cover’. Sydney Morning Herald (17 Oct. 2001): 42.

[74] Townsville Bulletin (23 Oct. 2001): 30.

[75] ‘The Trouble with Shooting from the Lip’, Courier Mail (25 Oct. 2001): 16.

[76] ‘American Writers Defend Mundine’, Townsville Bulletin (30 Oct. 2001): 36.

[77] P. Fitzsimons, ‘We May Dispute What Mundine said, but Surely He Still has the Right to say it’. Sydney Morning Herald (24 Oct. 2001): 48.

[78] N. Wilson and S. Phillips. ‘Anti-US Mundine Pounded’. Herald Sun (23 Oct. 2001): 3.

[79] A. Adams-Smith, ‘World Tour European Leg Cancelled but Competition to Rise Again at Sunset’, Sydney Morning Herald (22 Sept., 2001): 45.

[80] J. Magnay, ‘Security Boosted as Chill Descends on Winter Olympics’. Sydney Morning Herald (5 Nov. 2001): 4.

[81] R.Zachariah, ‘Let's Barrack for Life’. Sunday Telegraph (30 Sept. 2001): 96.

[82] R.Zachariah, ‘Let's Barrack for Life’. Sunday Telegraph (30 Sept. 2001): 96.

[83] P. Wilkins, ‘Its back to the suburbs for patient Waugh’. Sydney Morning Herald (22 Oct. 2001): 29.

[84] J. Magnay, ‘Security Boosted as Chill Descends on Winter Olympics’. Sydney Morning Herald (5 Nov. 2001): 4.

[85] ‘Terror Fear forces US out of Fed Cup final’. Hobart Mercury (27 Oct. 2001): 92.

[89] ‘Mundine to learn from mistakes’. Cairns Post (29 Oct. 2001): 9.

[90] ‘Fighting for the right to be stupid’. The Age (29 Oct. 2001): 15.

[91] C. Bell, ‘Mundine warned’. Sunday Telegraph (28 Oct. 2001): 54.

[92] ‘The trouble with shooting from the lip’. Courier Mail (25 Oct. 2001): 16.

[93] Whitlam and Preston, ‘Sports Journalism as an Information Resource’, 194.

[94] Martin, Communication and Mass Media, 243–4.

[95] Herman and Chomsky, Manufacturing Consent.

[96] M. Gandon, ‘Gando’. Illawarra Mercury (17 Sept. 2001): 34.

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