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Acknowledgements
I am indebted to the works of several people, particularly John Hoberman but also CitationPatricia Vertinsky, who both placed their discussions of anti-Semitism within the realm of sport and culture.
Notes
[1] CitationKlein, ‘Anti-Semitism versus Anti-Somatism’.
[2] CitationGilman, The Jew's Body.
[3] CitationKimmel, ‘The Contemporary Crisis in Masculinity’, 134.
[4] CitationCrossett, ‘Masculinity, Sexuality, and the Rise of Early Modern Sport’.
[5] CitationFanon, Black Skins, White Masks.
[6] CitationHall, ‘Ethnicity’, 16.
[7] Levine, ‘“Our Crowd” At Play’.
[8] Gilman, The Jew's Body, 39.
[9] Simmons, citing Lane, observed that, ‘Depression era commentators frequently asserted that “one race… that was always weakly represented” in baseball “was the ancient Jewish stock”.’ CitationSimmons, ‘Hank Greenberg’, 187.
[10] See for example: CitationLevine, Ellis Island to Ebbets Field; CitationLevine, ‘“Our Crowd” at Play’; CitationPostal et al. , Encyclopedia of Jews in Sport; CitationRiess, Sports and the American Jew; CitationRiess, ‘Tough Jews’; Simmons, ‘Hank Greenberg’; CitationSlater, Great Jews in Sport.
[11] The subsequent discussion of Jewish basketball and boxing is indebted to the work of Peter Levine and Steven Riess.
[12] Riess, Sports and the American Jew and Levine, ‘“Our Crowd” at Play’.
[13] Levine, Ellis Island to Ebbets Field.
[14] Riess, ‘Tough Jews’.
[15] Levine, Ellis Island to Ebbets Field.
[16] Ibid., 149.
[17] Hoberman, ‘Why Jews Play Sports’, 39.
[18] CitationGallico, Farewell to Sport, 325.
[19] CitationWhite, Creating the National Pastime, 250.
[20] CitationBjarkman, ‘The Yiddish Connection’, 18.
[21] CitationTrachtenberg, The Devil and the Jews, 12.
[22] Ibid.
[23] Gilman, The Jew's Body, 39.
[24] Ibid.
[25] Hoberman, personal communication, 23 August 1999; Trachtenberg, The Devil and the Jews.
[26] CitationHoberman, personal communication, 16, and Gilman, The Jew's Body.
[27] Hoberman, personal communication.
[28] CitationGilman, Freud, Race and Gender, 38–9.
[29] CitationBoyarin, Unheroic Conduct.
[30] Ibid., 78.
[31] CitationBourdieu, Distinctions, 218.
[32] CitationBrownell, Training the Body for China.
[33] CitationBreines, Tough Jews.
[34] CitationMcDonald, ‘Physiological Patriots?’.
[35] Breines, Tough Jews, xvi.
[36] Levine, Ellis Island to Ebbets Field, 278.
[37] CitationDuBois, The Souls of Black Folks, 41.
[38] CitationFrank, ‘Jews, Multiculturalism, and Boasian Anthropology’; Frank, Politics of Race and Culture; CitationLiss, ‘Franz Boas and the “Problem” of Jewishness’.
[39] CitationFrank, ‘Jews, Multiculturalism, and Boasian Anthropology’.
[40] Ibid.
[41] CitationStocking, The Ethnographer's Magic.
[42] Frank, ‘Jews, Multiculturalism, and Boasian Anthropology’.
[43] CitationLevi-Straus, Tristes Tropique, 58.
[44] CitationRoe, A Psychological Study of Eminent Psychologists and Anthropologists.
[45] CitationLévi-Strauss, Conversations with Claude Lévi-Strauss, 155.
[46] CitationKlingenstein, Jews in the American Academy, 13.
[47] Hollinger, Science, Jews, and Secular Culture and Klingenstein, Jews in the American Academy.
[48] CitationHollinger, Science, Jews, and Secular Culture, 18.
[49] Klingenstein, Jews in the American Academy.
[50] CitationDeutscher, The Non-Jewish Jew.
[51] Hoberman, ‘Why Jews Play Sports’, 39.
[52] Hall, ‘Ethnicity’, 18.