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Original Articles

Health psychology and drugs in sport

Pages 375-393 | Published online: 12 Mar 2009
 

Abstract

Health psychology, as a discipline in the social sciences, has the potential to make significant contributions to our understanding of the issue of performance enhancement in sport. This includes providing additional methods for deriving epidemiological and prevalence data, exploration of motives, decision-making and contributing contextual factors and the application of models of behaviour and methodologies that are aligned with health psychology. The application of theory is a major component of health psychology practice and occurs at the primary, secondary and tertiary level of intervention, which has parallels within performance enhancement in sport with prevention and detection. The use of different sampling methods and frames and aspects of health psychology clinical practice can broaden our understanding of the factors that contribute to identifying the elements of decision making and behaviour in performance enhancement in sport and have potential to contribute to the development of risk profiles and effective interventions.

Notes

 1 CitationSarafino, Health Psychology.

 2 CitationMatarazzo, ‘Behavioural Health and Behavioural Medicine’, 815.

 3 CitationOgden, Health Psychology.

 4 CitationLeUnes and Burger, ‘Bibliography on the Profile of Mood States in Sport and Exercise’; CitationMoss, Panzale and Tarter, ‘Personality, Mood and Psychiatric Symptoms among Anabolic Steroid Users’; CitationNilsson et al. , ‘Attitudes and behaviours with regards to androgenic anabolic steroids’; CitationPeters et al. , ‘Beliefs and Social Norms about Ephedra Onset and Perceived Addiction among College Male and Female Athletes’.

 5 CitationMottram, Drugs in Sport.

 6 CitationDvorak et al. , ‘FIFA's Approach to Doping in Football’.

 7 CitationWaddington et al. , ‘Drug Use in English Professional Football’.

 8 CitationYesalis, Kopstein and Bahrke, ‘Difficulties in Estimating the Prevalence of Drug Use among Athletes’.

 9 CitationMorgan, ‘Fair is Fair, or is it?’

10 CitationBMA, Drugs in Sport, 87.

11 Streigel, Vollkommer and Dickhuth, ‘Combating Drug Use in Competitive Sports’.

12 CitationStrelan and Boeckmann, ‘A New Model for Understanding Performance-enhancing Drug Use by Elite Athletes’, and CitationStrelan and Boeckmann, ‘Why Drug Testing in Elite Sport Does not Work’.

13 CitationHughes and Coakley, ‘Positive Deviance among Athletes’.

14 CitationFuller and LaFountain, ‘Performance-enhancing Drugs in Sport’.

15 CitationBlack, ‘Does the Ban on Drugs in Sport Improve Societal Welfare?’

16 CitationDingelstad et al. , ‘The Social Construction of Drug Debates’.

17 CitationRosner and Shropshire, The Business of Sports.

18 Dingelstad et al., ‘The Social Construction of Drug Debates’, 1833.

19 CitationCarstairs, ‘The Wide World of Doping’.

20 The Health Belief Model from CitationBecker and Rosenstock, ‘Compliance with Medical Advice’; the Theory of Planned Behaviour from CitationAjzen and Madden, ‘Prediction of Goal-directed Behaviour’; the Health Action Process approach from CitationSchwarzer, ‘Social-cognitive Factors in Changing Health-related Behaviours’.

21 CitationAlbarracin et al. , ‘Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behaviour as Models of Condom Use’; CitationArmitage and Conner, ‘Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour’; CitationHagger, Chatziserantic and Biddle, ‘A Meta-analytic Review of the Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behaviour in Physical Activity’; Hausenblas, Carron and Mack, ‘Application of the Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behaviour to Exercise Behaviour’; CitationWeinstein, ‘Testing Four Competing Theories of Health-protective Behaviour’.

22 Donovan et al., ‘A Conceptual Framework for Achieving Performance Enhancing Drug Compliance in Sport’.

23 CitationO'Donnell, Mazanov and Huybers, ‘Towards a Choice Model of Athletes’ Decision to use Performance Enhancing Substances or Methods’.

24 CitationJacobs and Samuels, ‘The Drug Testing Project in International Sports’.

25 Donovan et al., ‘A Conceptual Framework for Achieving Performance Enhancing Drug Compliance in Sport’.

26 CitationSiegrist, ‘Adverse Health Effects of High Effort/Low-reward Conditions’.

27 CitationBrissonneau, ‘Deviant Careers: The Case of Cycling’.

28 CitationAnshel, ‘Qualitative Validation of a Model for Coping with Acute Stress in Sport’.

29 CitationBianco, ‘Social Support and Recovery from Sport Injury’; CitationJunge, ‘The Influence of Psychological Factors on Sports Injuries’.

30 CitationDavids, Smith and Martin, ‘Controlling System Uncertainty in Sport and Work’.

31 CitationSavulescu, Foddy and Clayton, ‘Why We Should Allow Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sport’; CitationHaugen, ‘The Performance Enhancing Drug Game’.

32 CitationLaure, Thouvenin and Lecerf, ‘Attitudes of Coaches towards Doping’.

33 CitationLorente, Peretti-Watel and Grelot, ‘Cannabis Use to Enhance Sportive and Non-sportive Performances among French Sport Students’.

34 Peters et al., ‘Beliefs and Social Norms’.

35 CitationLowenstein et al. , ‘Physical and Sports Activities in the History of Patients Treated for Addictions’.

36 CitationDunning and Waddington, ‘Sport as a Drug and Drugs in Sport’.

37 CitationPetrie and Diehl, ‘Sport Psychology in the Profession of Psychology’; CitationPetrie, Diehl and Watkins, ‘Sport Psychology: An Emerging Domain in the Counselling Psychology Profession?’

38 CitationMazanov, O'Donnell and Battley, ‘Psychology and Drugs in Sport’.

39 CitationRicciardelli, McCabe and Banfield, ‘Body Image and Body Change Methods in Adolescent Boys’.

40 CitationRicciardelli, McCabe and Ridge, ‘The Construction of the Adolescent Male Body through Sport’.

41 CitationMonaghan, ‘Vocabularies of Motive for Illicit Steroid Use among Bodybuilders’.

42 CitationChyka, ‘Health risks of Selected Performance-enhancing Drugs’; CitationPope and Katz, ‘Psychiatric and Medical Effects of Anabolic-androgenic Steroid Use’; CitationPorcerelli and Sandler, ‘Narcissism and Empathy in Steroid Users’.

43 CitationWroblewska, ‘Androgenic-anabolic Steroids and Body Dysmorphia in Young Men’.

44 CitationDuRant, Escobedo and Heath, ‘Anabolic-steroid Use, Strength Training, and Multiple Drug Use’.

45 CitationCalfee and Fadale, ‘Popular Ergogenic Drugs and Supplements in Young Athletes’; CitationCongeni and Miller, ‘Supplements and Drugs Used to Enhance Athletic Performance’.

46 CitationBurnett and Kleiman, ‘Psychological Characteristics of Adolescent Steroid Users’.

47 CitationPorcerelli and Sandler, ‘Anabolic-androgenic Steroid Abuse and Psychopathology’.

48 CitationRaglin, ‘Psychological Factors in Sport Performance’.

49 CitationSeligman, Learned optimism.

50 Petrie and Diehl, ‘Sport Psychology in the Profession of Psychology’.

51 Laure, Thouvenin and Lecerf, ‘Attitudes of Coaches towards Doping’.

52 Striegel, Vollkommer and Dickhuth, ‘Combating Drug Use in Competitive Sports’.

53 UK Sport, 2005 Drug Free Survey.

54 CitationMetzl, Levine and Gershel, ‘Creatine Use among Young Athletes’.

55 CitationPapadopoulos et al. , ‘Doping Use among Tertiary Education Students’.

56 CitationMazanov et al. , ‘Towards an Empirical Model of Performance Enhancing Supplement Use’.

57 CitationJackson et al. , ‘Beyond Intention: Do Specific Plans Increase Health Behaviours in Patients in Primary Care?’; CitationRothman and Salovey, ‘Shaping Perceptions to Motivate Healthy Behaviour: The Role of Message Framing’.

58 CitationMiller and Rollnick, Motivational Interviewing.

59 CitationProchaska and DiClemente, ‘Transtheoretical Therapy’.

60 CitationBoyce, ‘Use and Effectiveness of Performance-Enhancing Substances’.

61 Donovan et al., ‘A Conceptual Framework’.

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