Exporting sports rights to overseas markets: the case of European football

Abstract

In recent years major European clubs have become conscious of the need to develop a wider, more global approach to their existence in order to increase revenues. There have increasingly been developments involving clubs attempting to forge relationships with major Asian markets. The essay focuses on factors influencing the international trade of input (talent) and output (football TV programmes) – covering both the supply and the demand sides. It illustrates how the development in recent years has widened the revenue gaps between the ‘big five’ European nations and the rest of the world – and its consequences for the distribution of talent in the football world.

Notes

¹ Gaustad, ‘Economics of Sports Programming’.

² Cowie and Williams, ‘Economics of Sports Rights’; Solberg, ‘Auctioning of TV Sports Rights’; Andreff and Bourg, ‘Broadcasting Rights’.

³ Cave and Crandall, ‘Sports Rights’; Solberg, ‘Economics of Television Sports Rights’; Hoehn and Lancefield, ‘Broadcasting and Sport’; Szymanski, ‘Why have Premium Sports Rights’.

⁴ Stotlar, ‘Vertical Integration’; Gerrard, ‘Media Ownership’.

⁵ Boardman and Hargreaves-Heap, ‘Network Externalities’; Solberg, ‘Cultural Prescription’.

⁶ Forrest, Simmons and Buraimo, ‘Broadcaster and Audience Demand’; Hammervold and Solberg, ‘TV-sports Programmes’; Solberg and Hammervold, ‘Sport Broadcasting’.

⁷ Desbordes, ‘Relationship between Sport and Television’; Solberg, ‘International TV-sports Rights’.

⁸ Todreas, Value Creation.

⁹ Gaustad, ‘Economics of Sports Programming’.

¹⁰ Solberg, ‘Sports Broadcasting’; Samuelson, ‘The Pure Theory’.

¹¹ Source: TV Sports Markets, ‘World Football Leagues’, Vol.10, no.19.

¹² Gaustad, ‘Economics of Sports Programming’.

¹³ Solberg, ‘Sports Broadcasting’.

¹⁴ Source: TV Sports Markets, ‘World Football Leagues’, Vol.11, no.17.

¹⁵ Source: Irish Independent, October 3, 2004. http://unison.ie/irish_independent/stories.php3?ca = 35&si = 1261912&issue_id = 11502.

¹⁶ China Daily, August 24, 2005. http://china.org.cn/english/sports/139588.htm.

¹⁷ Solberg, ‘Auctioning of TV Sports Rights’; Solberg, ‘International TV-sports Rights’.

¹⁸ Source: TV Sports Markets, ‘World Football Leagues’, Vol.10, no.21 and 22.

¹⁹ National rights includes Norway, Sweden and Denmark, while EPL rights also includes Finland.

²⁰ EPL rights also includes New Zealand.

²¹ Solberg and Gratton, ‘Would European Football Clubs Benefit?’

²² Source: Football-europe.com. http://football-europe.com/Data/Players/ForeignPlayers.html.

²³ Source: Centre international d'étude du sport, ‘Annual Review’, 2007.

²⁴ Ranked in terms of revenue generating.

²⁵ Gratton, ‘Everton Football Club’.

²⁶ Gratton, ‘Sport in the Global Marketplace’.

²⁷ Source: Constructed on basis of information from various numbers of TV Sports Markets 2005.

²⁸ Source: nhl.com, 2005. http://www.nhl.com/nhlhq/intl/fact_sheet.html.

²⁹ nba.com, 2005. http://www.nba.com/schedules/international_nba_tv_schedule.html.

³⁰ foreignpolicy.com, 2005.

³¹ http://www.exchange4media.com/e4m/media_matter/matter_010406.asp.

³² http://www.exchange4media.com/e4m/media_matter/matter_010406.asp