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Sport in Society
Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics
Volume 13, 2010 - Issue 10: Sport in the city
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Articles

Sport and economic regeneration: a winning combination?

Pages 1438-1457 | Published online: 29 Nov 2010
 

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a favourable shift in UK urban policy towards the use of sport as a tool for regenerating declining areas. Sporting infrastructure has been constructed in various British cities with a view to addressing the dual aims of sporting need and urban regeneration. However, evidence to support the notion that sport can underpin regeneration goals is highly variable. This paper will explore the growth of sport-related regeneration in the UK and examine the evidence base for this. In particular, it will focus on the economic literature and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of emerging evidence. It will suggest that with investment in sport likely to increase as a consequence of the London 2012 Olympic Games, there is a need to develop a greater understanding of the role of sport in the regeneration process, to maximize the potential benefits and to justify public expenditure on sport in the future.

Notes

 1 Sport England, ‘The Value of Sport’, http://www.sportengland.org (accessed 25 July 2008).

 2 CitationBURA, BURA Guide.

 3 CitationPercy, Planning Bulletin.

 4 CitationRoberts, Evolution, Definition and Purpose, 17.

 5 Council of Europe, ‘The European Sports Charter’, http://www.coe.int, accessed 26 June 2008. The Charter provides guidance for the Council of Europe's member states to perfect existing legislations or other policies and to develop a comprehensive framework for sport.

 6 Council of Europe, ‘The European Sports Charter’, http://www.coe.int, accessed 26 June 2008. The Charter provides guidance for the Council of Europe's member states to perfect existing legislations or other policies and to develop a comprehensive framework for sport

 7 BURA, BURA Guide.

 8 CitationEvans, ‘Measure for Measure’.

 9 CitationEvans, ‘Measure for Measure’

10 Percy, Planning Bulletin.

11 Evans, ‘Measure for Measure’.

12 CitationSport England, Driving Up Participation.

13 CitationDepartment of the Environment, Developing Sport and Leisure.

14 For example, CitationDCMS, National Strategy.

16 CitationSport England, Framework for Sport.

17 Sport England, ‘News and Media: Government and Sport’, http://www.sportengland.org/index/news_and_media/news_gs.htm (accessed 25 July 2008).

18 Sport England, ‘The Value of Sport’, http://www.sportengland.org.

19 Sport England, ‘The Value of Sport’, http://www.sportengland.org The Value of Sport is an online monitoring service set up by Sport England detailing research evidence on the contribution of sport to a range of broader social issues.

20 Sport England, ‘The Value of Sport’, http://www.sportengland.org

21 CitationDavies, ‘Sport in the City’; CitationDavies, ‘Sporting a New Role’; CitationGratton, Shibli and Coleman, ‘Sport and Economic Regeneration’.

22 CitationCollins, ‘Economics of Sport’.

23 Henley Centre for Forecasting, The Economic Impact and Importance of Sport in the UK.

24 CitationJones, Economic Impact and Importance.

25 CitationSIRC, England, 1985–2005.

26 SIRC, England 2003.

27 SIRC, England, 1985–2005; CitationSIRC, East of England, 2000–2005; CitationSIRC, East Midlands, 2000–2005; CitationSIRC, London, 2000–2005; CitationSIRC, North East 2000–2005; CitationSIRC, North West 2000–2005; South East Citation 2000 –2005; CitationSIRC, South West 2000–2005; CitationSIRC, West Midlands 2000–2005; CitationSIRC, Yorkshire and the Humber 2000–2005.

28 CitationDavies, ‘Valuing the Voluntary Sector’.

29 SIRC, England, 1985–2005, 44.

30 E.g., Davies, ‘Sport in the City’; CitationGratton, Coleman and Davies, Sport Industry; Henley Centre for Forecasting, Economic Impact and Importance of Sport in Two Local Areas; CitationSIRC, Sport Economy in Rural Cornwall.

31 Gratton, Shibli and Coleman, ‘Sport and Economic Regeneration’.

32 CitationBurns, Hatch and Mules, Adelaide Grand Prix.

33 E.g. CitationBrown and Massey, Literature Review; CitationCarlsen and Taylor, ‘Mega Events’; CitationSmith, ‘After the Circus’; CitationSmith and Fox, ‘From “Event-led”; CitationWaitt, ‘Social Impacts’.

34 CitationArcher, ‘Tourism Multipliers’; CitationJackson, ‘Economic Impact Studies’; CitationKasimati, ‘Economic Aspects’.

35 CitationUK Sport, Measuring Success 3.

36 CitationCrompton, ‘Economic Impact Analysis’.

37 CitationBaade and Dye, ‘Impacts of Stadiums’; CitationBaade and Matheson, ‘Bidding for the Olympics’; Crompton, ‘Economic Impact Analysis’.

38 Kasimati, ‘Economic Aspects’.

39 CitationUK Sport, Measuring Success; Measuring Success Citation 2 ; Measuring Success 3.

40 Crompton, ‘Economic Impact Analysis’.

41 Baade and Matheson, ‘Bidding for the Olympics’.

42 Brown and Massey, Literature Review; Carlsen and Taylor, ‘Mega Events’; Gratton, Shibli and Coleman, ‘Sport and Economic Regeneration’.

43 Olympic Review, ‘Focus: Olympic Games Global Impact’, June 2006, http:www.olympic.org (accessed 23 July 2008).

44 CitationLeonardsen, ‘Planning of Mega Events’.

45 CitationBaade, ‘Stadiums’; CitationBaade, ‘Professional Sports’; CitationCoates and Humphreys, ‘Growth Effects’; CitationDanielson, Home Team; CitationNoll and Zimbalist, Sports, Jobs and Taxes; CitationRosentraub, Major League Losers.

46 CitationBaade and Matheson, ‘Home Run or Wild Pitch?’; CitationColclough, Daellenback and Sherony, ‘Estimating the Economic Impact’; CitationEuchner, Playing the Field; CitationJohnson, ‘Local Government’; CitationJohnson, Minor League Baseball; CitationLertwachara and Cochran, ‘An Event Study’; CitationRosentraub and Swindell, ‘Just Say No?’.

47 CitationBaade, Evaluating Subsidies; CitationBaade and Dye, ‘An Analysis’; CitationBaade and Dye, ‘Sports Stadiums’; CitationBaade and Dye, ‘Impact of Stadiums’; CitationChema, ‘When Professional Sports’; CitationCoates, ‘Stadiums and Arenas’; CitationCrompton, ‘Public Subsidies’; CitationRosentraub, ‘Does the Emperor’; CitationRosentraub, Major League Losers; CitationShropshire, Sports Franchise Game; CitationSwindell and Rosentraub, ‘Who Benefits’.

48 CitationJones, ‘Public Cost’.

49 CitationThornley, ‘Guest Editorial’.

50 CitationJones, ‘Public Cost’.

51 CitationJones, ‘A Level Playing Field’; Jones, ‘Public Cost’; CitationJones, ‘Stadium and Economic Development’.

52 CitationDavies, ‘Not in My Back Yard!’; CitationDavies, ‘Sporting a New Role?’; CitationDavies, ‘Sport and the Local Economy’.

53 CitationDCMS, National Strategy.

54 Evans, ‘Measure for Measure’.

55 London2012, ‘Candidate File, Volume 1’, http://www.London2012.com (accessed 25 July 2008).

56 CitationHall, ‘Politics of Hallmark Events’, 219.

57 Kasimati, ‘Economic Aspects’, 433.

58 Kasimati, ‘Economic Aspects’, 433

59 CitationHorne, ‘Four “Knowns”’, 85.

60 CitationEssex and Chalkley, ‘Urban Development’; CitationFrench and Disher, ‘Atlanta and the Olympics’; CitationRoche, ‘Mega-events and Urban Policy’; CitationPreuss, Economics of Staging the Olympics.

61 DCMS, ‘Olympics Minister Tessa Jowell Written Ministerial Statement – Olympic Delivery Authority Budget’, http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2260.aspx (accessed 28 July 2008).

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