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Abstract
Asians provided economic competition in early white-ruled Rhodesia. As a consequence, their permanent settlement was discouraged and their interest in cricket went unnoticed until Wisden acknowledged Mohammad Yusuf's unbeaten 412 – a southern African record for all grades of the game. Rhodesia's first national ‘Indian’ side played in 1939 and toured South Africa in 1953, whilst Basil D'Oliveira's high-flying team was entertained in 1958. The opening of Asian secondary schools, together with the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland's ‘partnership’ ideal, accelerated progress in non-racial cricket across the territory. Asian schoolboys gained selection for non-racial representative sides, but the Rhodesian government's attitude hardened towards mixed sport when the Federation was dissolved in 1963. Innovative Asian cricket administrators established clubs that would ultimately win league titles; produce quality players and lead the way towards establishing Zimbabwe's professional game. Ironically when Test status was achieved the expected impact of the Asian community on cricket was overtaken by political, social and economic problems. By the 2011 World Cup, they were no longer playing a significant role in the Zimbabwean game.
Notes
1 Sydney Morning Herald, October 31, 2009.
2 CitationKosmin, ‘Ethnic and Commercial Relations in Southern Rhodesia: A Socio-Historic Study of the Asian, Hellenic and Jewish Populations 1898–1943’ (PhD thesis, Salisbury, 1974), 51.
3 CitationParry, ‘Birds on a Flat Rock: Black Workers and the Limits of Colonial Power in Salisbury, Rhodesia 1890–1939’ (PhD thesis, Kingston, 1988), 84.
4 Kosmin, ‘Ethnic and Commercial Relations’, 57.
5 Parry, ‘Birds on a Flat Rock’, 84–5.
6 Rhodesia Herald, May 9, 1903.
7 Kosmin, ‘Ethnic and Commercial Relations’, 57
8 CitationPalley, The Constitutional History, 167
9 Rhodesia Herald, July 30, 1914.
10 Bulawayo Chronicle, October 1, 1921.
11 Kosmin, ‘Ethnic and Commercial Relations’, 54.
12 Ibid., 57.
13 Weekend, March 9, 1955.
14 Bulawayo Chronicle, November 12, 1936.
15 Weekend, March 9, 1955.
16 Rand Daily Mail, January 3, 1944.
17 CitationDesai, The Indian Community, 21.
18 Ibid., 22.
19 Rhodesian Indian Cricket Union programme, April 20–21, 1957.
20 CitationWinch, Cricket in Southern Africa, 128.
21 CitationMacLaren, Some Renowned Rhodesian Senior Schools, 135–6.
22 Bulawayo Chronicle, October 1962.
23 Winch, Player's Rich Heritage, 186–8.
24 Rhodesia Herald, September 15, 1970.
25 Ibid., 22 September, 1962.
26 Sunday Mail, November 8, 1964.
27 Rhodesia Herald, December 20, 1967.
28 Centre Party Comment, Rhodesia Herald, December 17, 1969.
29 MacLaren, Some Renowned Rhodesian Senior Schools, 136.
30 The Times, December 15, 1969.
31 Rhodesia Herald, December 17, 1969.
32 Ibid., September 14, 1970.
33 CitationSobers, Garry Sobers, 227.
34 Rhodesia Herald, September 30, 1970.
35 Eastern Province Herald, September 15, 1971.
36 Rhodesia Herald, October 8, 1972.
37 Ibid., November 19, 1975.
38 Ibid., December 2, 1976.
39 Ibid., January 8 and 9, 1976.
40 Indian Express, November 30, 2003.
41 Ward, ‘Ali Shah – A Short Biography’, http://www.espncricinfo.com, January 13, 2000.
42 The Herald, December 22, 1997.
43 CitationOlonga, Blood, Sweat and Treason, 212–4.
44 Geoffrey Dean, Wisden Cricketer, June 2004, 30.
45 ZCU, media release, November 14, 2001.
46 Jesse Hogan, Sydney Morning Herald, October 31, 2009.
47 CitationMeredith, The State of Africa, 634–6.
48 Sonia Trikha, Indian Express, April 29, 2002.
49 The Star, March 3, 2003.
50 Martin Williamson, Cricinfo Magazine, May 13, 2004, http://www.espncricinfo.com.
51 Mihir Bose, Daily Telegraph, April 22, 2004.
52 Simon Wilde, Sunday Times, December 5, 2004.
53 Ibid., December 3, 2005.
54 The Herald, December 8, 2005.
55 The Guardian, January 7, 2006.
56 Cricinfo Staff, http://www.espncricinfo.com, January 31, 2006.
57 CitationGuha, A Corner of a Foreign Field.
58 Steven Price, http://www.espncricinfo.com, February 10, 2008.
59 CitationCampbell, ‘An Address’, 234.
60 Warren Dennis, Zimbabwe Times, January 21, 2010.
61 CitationFletcher, Behind the Shades, 15.