Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Pediatric Ocular Pathology: Imaging Study of 115 eyes

ABSTRACT

Objective

To assess the pediatric anterior segment characteristics in ocular pathology using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods

This case series follows 115 eyes of 78 children (2–17 years) with anterior segment pathology in an academic facility. The anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT) analysis was done using the Optopol Revo 80 high-resolution SD-OCT using an imaging adapter. All pathological features visible on imaging were observed, studied, tabulated, and analyzed.

Results

The average age was 11.84 years, with 44 males and 34 females. The primary clinical diagnosis was cataract in 40 (34.8%) eyes, followed by corneal disease in 28 (24.3%) eyes, glaucoma in 18 (15.7%) eyes, and trauma in 15 (13%) eyes. Systemic diseases were associated with 20.9% of the cases. The most common imaging pathology observed was lens opacification in 43 (37.4%), increased reflectivity of the cornea in 31 (28.2%), corneal stromal thinning in 34 (29.6%), increased corneal thickness in 28 (24.3%), a shallow anterior chamber in 17 (14.8%), and cells in the anterior chamber in 18 (15.7%) eyes, along with a multitude of other findings.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that anterior segment OCT is a useful non-contact technique for the detailed anatomic and pathologic assessment of pediatric ocular diseases.

KEYWORDS:

• Anterior segment
• optical coherence tomography
• pediatric
• ocular
• pathology
• diseases
• eye

Article highlights

• AS-OCT is an emerging technique for the assessment of ocular disorders

• Our study on a large pediatric cohort of 115 eyes reflects the usefulness of this technique.

• It can be used without sedation for detailed anatomic and pathologic assessment, imaging, diagnosis and monitoring of childhood ocular diseases.

Abbreviations

AC = anterior chamber; ASCO = Anterior subcapsular opacity; AS-OCT = Anterior segment optical coherence tomography; GERD = Gastroesophageal reflux disease; JIA = Juvenile idiopathic arthritis; JOAG = Juvenile open-angle glaucoma; HLH = Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; IOL = intraocular lens; NVG = neovascular glaucoma; OCT = optical coherence tomography; OMMP = Ocular/mucous membrane pemphigoid; PCG = primary congenital glaucoma; PCO = Posterior capsular opacification; PHPV = Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous; PSCO = Posterior subcapsular opacity; SD-OCT = spectral domain OCT; nm = nanometer; µm = micrometer

Declaration of interest

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Reviewer disclosure

Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial relationships or otherwise to disclose.

Data availability statement

The data for this study is available from Open Science Framework with the DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/8EANC and link: https://osf.io/8eanc/?view_only=5106ee4478d441f1ad60a68a2b72259d

Consent for publication

Consent for publication was taken prior to examination

Ethical Approval and Consent to participate

Permission from the FUMC Ethical Review Committee was taken previously, which is in concordance with the declaration of Helsinki [FF/FUMC/215–40 Phy/20]. Parental informed consent was obtained prior to the evaluation

Additional information

Funding

This paper was not funded.