Strengthen the bonding of self-glazed zirconia to enamel by sol–gel coating

ABSTRACT

Sol–gel coating technology was applied to modify the bonding surface of self-glazed zirconia (SZ). Its effect on the bond strength of SZ to enamel was evaluated in vitro in comparison with the conventional milled zirconia treated by airborne-particle abrasion (CZa) and the heat-pressed lithium disilicate glass-ceramics treated by etching and silanization (LDe). All ceramic specimens were bonded to the etched bovine enamel with adhesive resin cement. Shear bond strength of both sol–gel coated SZ groups with different strategies (SZc1 and SZc2) was 20.00 ± 7.07 MPa and 18.32 ± 3.63 MPa, respectively, which was comparable to that of LDe, 18.44 ± 2.27 MPa (p > 0.05) and significantly higher than that of CZa, 11.72 ± 1.48 MPa, and SZ, 3.06 ± 1.66 MPa (p < 0.05). Lots of voids between zirconia clusters were observed on the bonding surface of SZc1, yet that of SZc2 showed homogeneous honeycomb nanoporous structure. All groups exhibited mixed failure except SZ, and the fracture surfaces of SZc1, SZc2, and LDe showed better wettability than CZa. Sol–gel coating could improve the bond strength of SZ to enamel, and the sol–gel coated SZ might have the potential to make minimally invasive restorations.

KEYWORDS:

• Enamel
• bonding
• self-glazed zirconia
• sol–gel coating
• minimally invasive restorations

Acknowledgements

The authors sincerely acknowledged Professor Zhijian Shen for his great contribution to the research and development of self-glazed zirconia, and the sample support from Erran Tech.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Projects of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University [grant number2017-HT-522 and grant number352219A00605].