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Abstract
Sexual partner mixing among men who have sex with men (MSM), based on both gender and partnership status, is an understudied theme in India. Using data from Round 2 of the Integrated Bio-behavioral Survey, this paper reports on gender and partnership status-based sexual mixing and levels of consistent condom use (CCU) among MSM in Maharashtra. A total of 689 MSM were sampled using probability-based sampling. Bivariate and regression analyses were carried out on condom use and partnership mixing. Over half (52%) of all MSM reported having only male partners while about one-third (34.5%) reported having partners of both gender. Over 70% of MSM engaged in sex with a mix of casual, regular, commercial and non-commercial partners. MSM with only male partners reported lower CCU as compared to MSM with partners of both genders (47.3% and 62%, respectively, p = 0.11). CCU levels differed significantly by status of sex partner. Overall, MSM having ‘men only’ as partners and those with partners of mixed status have greater risk behaviour in terms of low CCU. HIV prevention interventions need to focus attention on men in ‘exclusively male’ sex partnerships as well as MSM with a mix of casual, regular and commercial partners.
Notes
1. Kothi is the term used for males who show varying degrees of ‘femininity’ (which may be situational) and who are involved mainly, if not only, in receptive anal/oral sex with men (DFID, Citation2007).
2. The term ‘Panthi’ is used by Kothis and Hijras to refer to their masculine insertive male partner or anyone who is masculine and seems to be a potential sexual (insertive) partner (DFID, Citation2007).