Global Health Diplomacy (GHD) and the integration of health into foreign policy: Towards a conceptual approach

ABSTRACT

Since the end of the Cold War, health has gone from a peripheral concern in foreign policy negotiations to a prominent place on the global political agenda. While the rise of health onto the foreign policy agenda is by now old news, the driving forces behind its expansion into new political spheres remain understudied and undertheorized. This article builds on empirical findings from a four-country study of the integration of health into foreign policy, and proposes a conceptual approach to GHD to improve understanding of the conditions under which health is successfully positioned on the foreign policy agenda. Our approach consists of three dimensions: features of institutions and the interest various actors represent in GHD; the ideational environment in which GHD operates; and issue characteristics of the specific health concern entering foreign policy. Within each dimension, we identify specific variables that, in combination, make up the explanatory power of the proposed approach. The proposed approach does not relate to, or build upon, a single social sciences, public health, or international relations (IR) theory, but can be seen as a heuristic device to identify dimensions and variables that may shape why certain health issues rise onto the foreign policy agenda.

KEYWORDS:

• Global Health Diplomacy
• conceptual approach
• exploratory study
• health in foreign policy

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Ana Marcela da Silva Terra and Carolina Fontes dos Santos for additional research assistance with the Brazilian case study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research [grant number 136927].