https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9339
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ABSTRACT
Background
To assess 20-year time trends in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among inpatients with heart failure (HF) and the influence of coexisting DM and kidney disease (KD) on outcomes.
Research design and methods
A retrospective study of patients was admitted due to HF, during the period 2000/2019. The period of follow-up was divided into three intervals according to the European Medical Agency approval of newer hypoglycemic drugs. We analyzed in-hospital mortality and outcomes during the follow-up period.
Results
A total of 4959 patients were included. Over time, prevalence of DM was significantly raising among women with HF (50 to 53.2%) and descending among men (50% to 46.8%, p = 0.02). Total mortality and readmissions were higher in patients with DM during the and second periods. However, no significant differences were found in the third-one (HR 1.14, 95% CI 0.94–1.39, p = 0.181). A protector role of oral hypoglycemic medications was observed in this last period. According to the presence of KD, the patients with both DM and KD were who presented most of the events.
Conclusions
Over the time analyzed, the prevalence of DM raised among women and decreased among men. DM influenced the prognosis of HF except in the third period when more protective hypoglycemic drugs started to be used.
Declaration of interest
The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.
Reviewer disclosures
Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge all the investigators who participate in the INCA registry. We additionally thank to Claire Conrad for the English edition of the manuscript.
Data availability statement
The data set (INCA) belongs to the group of researchers (GRIMEX). If you wish to access the data you can make a request with the commitment not to use the data and not to disseminate it without permission.
Author contributions
The authors confirm that substantially contributed to the conception and design of the review article and interpreting the relevant literature, and that they have been involved in writing the review article or revised it for intellectual content. José Carlos Arévalo Lorido: Conceived and designed the análisis. Performed the análisis Wrote the paper. Final approval of the version. Juana Carretero Gomez: Conceived and designed the analysis. Final approval of the version. Alessia Rubini: Supervised the final version. Final approval of the version. Francisco Javier Felix Redondo: Collected the data. Supervised the final version. Final approval of the version. Nicolás Roberto Robles Pérez Monteoliva: Interpretation of results. Supervised the final version. Final approval of the version. Miriam Hernández González: Collected the data. Supervised the final version. Final approval of the version. Elena Vázquez Jarén: Collected and curated the data. Supervised the final version. Final approval of the version. Bárbara Cancho-Castellanos: Interpretation of results. Supervised the final version. Final approval of the version. Reyes González Fernández: Collected the data. Supervised the final version. Final approval of the version. Daniel Fernández-Bergés: Contributed to sample preparation and data curation. Conceived and designed the análisis. Funding. Final approval of the version.
Supplementary material
Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2024.2365769