Risks associated with use of TNF inhibitors in children with rheumatic diseases

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. Several drugs blocking TNF-α are employed in clinical practice in pediatrics. Given their action on the immune system, TNF-α inhibitors have raised concerns on their safety profile since their introduction. A broad spectrum of side effects related to TNF inhibition has been reported: immunogenicity, infectious diseases, malignancies, and others.

Areas covered: In order to assess the risk related to the use of anti-TNF-α agents in children with rheumatic diseases we analyzed data obtained from retrospective and prospective safety studies, case reports and case series, and controlled trials.

Expert commentary: Anti-TNF-α agents have shown a remarkably good safety profile in the pediatric population so far. However, there are lots of questions to be answered and maintaining active surveillance on these drugs is necessary in order to not overlook any possible unexpected adverse effects.

KEYWORDS:

• TNF-α
• biologics
• side effects
• juvenile idiopathic arthritis
• immunogenicity
• infections
• malignancies

Declaration of interest

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Reviewer disclosures

Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.

Additional information

Funding

This paper was not funded.