Young social milieus and multimodality: interrelations of travel behaviours and psychographic characteristics

ABSTRACT

In many countries of the global North, since the 2010s, there have been discussions about young adults turning away from the tendency exclusively to use cars and moving towards more multimodal behaviours, i.e. the flexible use of several transport modes. A more differentiated perspective on the young generation based on the sociostructural criteria of social milieus is presented in this paper with an empirically founded dataset from the city of Dortmund (Germany). Social milieus aim to reflect both horizontal and vertical differentiations and inequalities within society. Drawing on this assumption, multimodal travel behaviours and corresponding psychological assessments of transport modes are analysed with regard to three contrasting young social milieus: i. precariat, ii. middle class, and iii. cosmopolitan milieu. Based on our observations of the three social milieus, the prevailing conceptualisation of young adults as a supposedly ‘homogeneous group’ of key drivers towards a multimodal society must be negated: i) The precariat is exposed to socioeconomic restrictions and limited in its free mode choice. ii) The middle class demonstrates signs of a (conservative) reproduction of car-oriented behaviour patterns. iii) Only the cosmopolitan milieu indicates a less emotional attachment to the private car and favours ‘green’ multimodal behaviours instead.

KEYWORDS:

• Multimodality
• Social Milieus
• Psychology of Mobility
• Mobility Resources

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1. It is worth noting that multimodality has already produced various sub-categories, but these cannot be discussed in detail here. For example, research on ‘intermodality’ focuses on the interlinking of different transport modes on one trip (see e.g. Oostendorp et al. 2019). Moreover, there is the concept of multioptionality, which describes individual (material and mental) preconditions for the realisation of multimodal behaviours (Groth 2019a, 2019b).

2. 1 = do not agree at all, 2 = agree slightly, 3 = agree moderately, 4 = highly agree, 5 = agree totally.