How to improve the well-being of homeless girls: an exploratory study

ABSTRACT

Worldwide, homeless girls are a highly vulnerable group. They suffer sexual exploitation and forced labor, discrimination, and social exclusion at a higher rate than the rest of the general population. They often present anxiety and depression, unassertiveness and emotion dysregulation, among other psychosocial characteristics. All of these factors negatively impact subjective well-being, further worsening their mental health. Subjective well-being has both immediate (mental health, health behaviors) and long-term, cumulative effects on health (physical health, mortality), representing opportunities for investment in population health. Despite the relevance of subjective well-being and its associated factors, there is scarce research on the plight of homeless girls in Mexico and Latin America, which leads to ineffective interventions, policy actions and to a diminished quality of life. This study was carried out to develop and test a path model of well-being in 240 Mexican homeless girls ages 6–23 years old. Symptoms of anxiety and depression, assertiveness and emotion regulation strategies were used as factors influencing subjective well-being. Results showed that symptoms of depression and functional emotion regulation strategies have a significant direct influence on subjective well-being. Symptoms of anxiety and dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies have an indirect influence on subjective well-being with symptoms of depression as the mediating variable. Assertiveness did not significantly influence well-being directly and indirectly. Functional and dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies have a positive significant correlation. Fit indexes obtained indicate an excellent adjustment to data. R square indicates that 38% of the variance in subjective well-being can be explained by this model. Hence, the current study provides unique findings in terms of a model of well-being through which it is possible to design and implement interventions that increase such well-being in order to promote healthier social and emotional developmental trajectories in homeless girls, especially in the context of Latin American cities.

KEYWORDS:

• Homeless girls
• well-being
• emotion regulation
• anxiety
• depression

Acknowledgments

We would like to express our gratitude to PAIDI, NGO, for their assistance during the planning and development of this research. We would like to thank Laura S. Bogardus, Ph.D., for her assistance with editing this paper.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Ethical statements

We would like to assert that We have abided by the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct as set out by the APA. Ethical approval was given by the Academic Board of the Master’s and Ph.D. program in Psychology of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. This review serves as the Mexican equivalent to an American IRB Review.

Geolocation information

This study was conducted at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Avenida Universidad #3000, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM, CU), Coyoacan, México City, 04510

Additional information

Funding

This study is part of a non-funded doctoral research.