Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on performance and immune function of weaned pigs

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on performance and immune responses of weaned pigs. In Exp. I, 72 crossbred pigs weaned at 19 to 23 days of age and weighing 7.20 ± 0.11 kg were randomly allotted to four diets supplemented with CLA at 0, 1, 2 or 3%. On day 14, pigs were injected with ovalbumin (1mg per kg BW) and blood samples were collected on day 7 and 14 after injection to test the specific OVA antibody. In Exp. II, 36 crossbred pigs weaned at 26 to 30 days of age and weighing 8.12 ± 0.14 kg were randomly divided into two diets containing either 0 or 2% CLA. On day 14 and 28, blood samples were obtained to determine the lymphocyte proliferation and PGE₂ levels in both trials, and CD4⁺, CD8⁺ T cells subsets and interleukin-1β production were tested in Exp. II. In Exp. I both average daily gain and average daily feed intake of weaned pigs were improved quadratically and feed efficiency was increased linearly by CLA supplementation. Lymphocyte proliferation response to concanavalin A was increased quadratically as dietary CLA concentration increased on day 14 and 28. Ovalbumin antibody production levels were increased linearly on day 7 after injection of ovalbumin and increased quadratically on day 14 after injection, which follows the increased CLA levels, whereas CLA reduced linearly the production of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂). The results of Exp. II indicated that CLA improved performance, lymphocyte proliferation, and increased the CD8⁺ lymphocyte population, while reduced the production of PGE₂ and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). These results suggest that the supplementation of CLA enhanced lymphocyte proliferation function, possibly by regulating the PGE₂ production, and improved growth performance of pigs. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanism of CLA-induced inhibition of IL-1β production.

Keywords:

• Conjugated linoleic acid
• immune response
• growth
• weaned pigs

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Sidac-Dutch Training and Demonstration Centre for providing the pig nursery building and pigs. Financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation Innovative Outstanding Research Team (30121004).