Effect of maternally supplied n-3 and n-6 oils on the fatty acid composition and mononuclear immune cell distribution of lymphatic tissue from the gastrointestinal tract of suckling piglets

Abstract

Fatty acids are essential for immune cell function. Maternal dietary fatty acid supply influences body fat composition of their offspring. As a first step to study immunonutritional interactions at an early age of pigs, four sows were fed a diet containing sunflower oil or oil from seal blubber during pregnancy and lactation. Corresponding piglets were sacrificed at three consecutive time points in the suckling period and their mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen were analysed by gas chromatography for levels of fatty acid. At the same time mononuclear cells of these organs and of the intestinal lymphoid tissue from the jejunum were isolated and subpopulations characterised by flow cytometry. Levels of fatty acids from the lymphatic organs of the piglets were significantly influenced by the maternal diet. The concentration of the fatty acids 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were higher in the spleen and mesenteric lymph node of piglets suckled to sows of the test diet. Additionally, suckling time affected the levels of some long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Dietary effects were seen on some subpopulations including CD4⁻CD8α⁺ lymphocytes of the mesenteric lymph nodes and CD4⁺CD8α⁺ lymphocytes of the lamina propria, which were higher in the group fed seal blubber oil. The levels of CD21⁺ B-cells were higher in the group fed sunflower oil. The results indicate that the maternal diet and suckling time affect the fatty acid status of the investigated lymphatic tissues of piglets, but may have minor effects on the investigated lymphocyte subpopulations.

Keywords:

• maternal nutrition
• immune system
• lymphocytes
• oils, piglets
• polyenoic fatty acids

Acknowledgements

We thank Atlantis Marine Inc. in St. Johns Newfoundland for providing the SBO. We acknowledge with thanks financial support from the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, Newfoundland and the Office of the Vice-President (Research) Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland. We also thank Christine Leeb for care of the animals during the test period and Monika Skalicky for statistical guidance.