Role of the clam Neilonella sulculata as substrate for the hydroid Bougainvillia macloviana on muddy bottoms of San Jorge Gulf (Argentina, Southwest Atlantic)

ABSTRACT

The clam Neilonella sulculata is the dominant bivalve on muddy bottoms along the Argentine continental shelf (Southwest Atlantic). The medusa stage of the hydroid Bougainvillia macloviana is one of the most abundant species in the gelatinous zooplankton of the Magellan region. Two benthic surveys carried out in 2007 and 2009 in San Jorge Gulf gave us the opportunity to analyse (1) the interaction between N. sulculata and its epibiont, B. macloviana, and (2) the role of the clam as hard substrate in a depositional area characterized by silt/clay sediments. Bougainvillia macloviana has a high prevalence on the posterior region of live clams. The presence of gonophores shows that these small colonies are able to reproduce there. Hydroid colonies are very rare on dead valves of N. sulculata and also on almost all other live bivalve species in the study area. Specimens of N. sulculata with hydroids were slightly but significantly larger than those without them, both in 2007 and 2009. The high prevalence of B. macloviana on live individuals of N. sulculata and its almost total absence on other clam species suggest that this association may be critical at least for the epibiont and not the result of chance alone.

RESPONSIBLE EDITOR:

• Stefania Puce

KEYWORDS:

• Benthic infauna
• bivalve
• epibiosis
• hard substrate islands
• Hydrozoa

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the crews of Martes Santo and Mr. Big for the help received during the surveys in San Jorge Gulf. Two anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for their constructive comments on an earlier version of this paper.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

ORCiD

María G. Liuzzi http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3421-6048

Additional information

Funding

Financial support was provided by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (grant nos. PIP 2010-2012 N° 0291, PIP 2013-2015 N° 0247CO to Juan López-Gappa, Res. 4541-2012 to María Gabriela Liuzzi, PIP 0152 to Gabriel Genzano), Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (grant no. PICT-2012-1043 to Juan López-Gappa and María Gabriela Liuzzi) and Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (grant no. EXA 734/15 to Gabriel Genzano).