Using a change control system and building information modelling to manage change in design

ABSTRACT

Today, there are few satisfying change management systems to handle changes in design, both internal changes initiated by the engineering team and external changes initiated by the client. How can changes in design be managed using a change control system (CCS), and how can building information modelling (BIM) be utilized to optimize evaluation of changes? This paper introduces a change management process and a corresponding CCS for managing changes in detailed design, and assesses how BIM can be used to identify consequences of changes. Findings are based on experiences from execution of major oil and gas projects. Data are gathered from projects, primarily through a Norwegian engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contractor, using case study research. The research portrays how changes can be handled using the CCS. When a design change request is created, it is presented to a Change Board, where it is processed, categorized, evaluated and either approved or rejected. BIM is used to consider impact and consequences for affected disciplines. The client will be added in the decision process and presented for cost and schedule impact. Results indicate that the dynamics of the CCS combined with the utilization of BIM can keep control of changes in detailed design and reduce overall impacts of changes.

KEYWORDS:

• Building information modelling
• change control system
• change management process
• design change
• project execution model

Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank the EPC contractor and the engineering subcontractor for access to case projects and resources, coordinated through Geir Halvor Kirkemo and Per Tore Halvorsen, respectively. The author would also like to thank the supervisors, Professor Tore Brandstveit Haugen and Professor Ole Jonny Klakegg at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Anita Moum at SINTEF, and Håkon Sannum at Multiconsult, for valuable input.

Notes

1. BIM can be defined as a methodology to manage the essential building design and project data in digital format throughout the building’s life cycle (Succar, Sher, & Williams, 2012).

2. A 3D design environment refers to a multi-discipline and object-based 3D design integrated with a number of information systems that serves as the main source of information for engineering and construction (Kvaerner, 2012a).

3. A PEM reflects a logic sequence in critical project activities where progress and quality requirements are aligned at significant milestones. The objective of a PEM is to secure predictability in project execution using a standard methodology well known to the team (Kvaerner, 2012c).

4. A building information model can be defined as a digitally constructed virtual model of a building. When completed, the building information model contains precise geometry and relevant data needed to support the design, procurement, fabrication and construction activities required to realize the building (Azhar, 2011).

Additional information

Funding

The author would like to thank his employer Multiconsult, who was funded by the Research Council of Norway as part of the Industrial Ph.D. scheme — who together with NTNU provided support for the completion of this paper.