Thermal operation by nanofluids with various aspects: a comprehensive numerical appraisal

Abstract

This research is a good understanding of unsteady convective transport of nanofluids inside a skewed cavity considering MHD, different combinations of base fluids and nanoparticles, shapes, sizes (1–50 nm), volume fractions, and with/without Brownian effects. The right and left sidewalls of the enclosure are heated at low and high temperature, respectively, whereas the bottom and top walls are insulated. The finite element technique with Galerkin’s residual has been implemented for solving non-linear PDEs that govern the flow for the current problem. The numerical simulations have been presented using streamlines, isotherms, and temperature transport rates for different parameters, non-dimensional time, skewed angles, base fluids, nanoparticles, shapes, sizes, and volume fractions. The outcomes show that heat transport rate augments about 12.55% with an additional 2.5% nanoparticles into the base fluid for Cu-H₂O nanofluid. An optimal thermal transport rate is observed for kerosene-based nanofluid, blade shape, and 1 nm size of nanoparticles. Magnetite nanoparticles show a greater thermal performance of 4.72% than higher thermal conductivity nanoparticles (copper and cobalt). Thermal transport enhances about 110.78% with Brownian motion for 5% concentrated blade-shaped kerosene-Fe₃O₄ nanofluid than without Brownian effects. In addition, a new linear regression equation with multiple variables has been derived from the obtained results.

KEYWORDS:

• Thermal transport
• base fluid
• nanoparticle
• shape
• size
• volume fraction
• Brownian motion

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to express their profound gratitude to the Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh for providing continuous encouragement and physical support throughout their research work.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).