Vive le defecteur!’ an analysis of the British media’s construction of Greg Rusedski’s national identity in the 1990s/2000s

ABSTRACT

This paper concerns the former professional tennis player from 1991 to 2007, Greg Rusedski, who was born in Canada but shifted national allegiance to Great Britain in 1995. Despite an impressive playing career, that saw him reach the US Open final in 1997 and attain a world-number-four ranking, alongside his steadfast efforts to ingratiate himself to the broader public, Rusedski’s British identity remained contested throughout his career. Focusing on four mainstream newspapers covering the political left and right, this paper analyses the British media’s treatment of Rusedski, and aims to develop an understanding of how his constructed identity as more or less ‘British’ fluctuated so markedly throughout his career. While his on-court results were certainly a factor in Rusedski’s swings between acceptance and rejection, this paper suggests a more nuanced analysis that takes into account, firstly, how Rusedski was positioned and characterised in relation to his countryman, the ‘quintessential Englishman’ Tim Henman, particularly in relation to his accent, ostensible personality, personal appearance and physique, and playing style, and, secondly, how Rusedski’s key period of success, in the latter half of 1997, can be contextualised in the light of broader socio-political events and developments.

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

ORCID

Robert J. Lake http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0219-3718

Notes

1 Dominic Bliss, ‘The adopted son.’ Ace, June 2007; Simon Felstein, Tim Henman: England’s Finest (London: John Blake, 2006); Neil Haman, Duel for the Crown: The Fascinating Inside Story of Tim Henman and Greg Rusedski’s Tennis Year (London: Andre Deutsch, 1999).

2 Robert J. Lake, A Social History of Tennis in Britain (London: Routledge, 2015); Robert J. Lake, ‘Tim Henman, British Tennis and the Social Construction of English Identity in the 1990s and 2000s’, Sport in Society 20, no. 11 (2017): 1745–64; John Vincent and Jane Crossman, ‘Champions, a Celebrity Crossover, and a Capitulator: The Construction of Gender in Broadsheet Newspapers’ Narratives about Selected Competitors at Wimbledon’, International Journal of Sport Communication 1 (2007): 78–102.

3 Wimbledon programme (London: AELTC 1999), 36.

4 Matthew P. Llewellyn and Toby C. Rider, ‘Sport, Thatcher and Apartheid Politics: The Zola Budd affair’, Journal of Southern African Studies (published ahead of print).

5 Further criticism came when the FA selected the Italian Fabio Capello as England Manager in 2006.

6 See, for example: David Hopps, ‘Pietersen Smells a Political Rat in Absence from South African Tour’, The Guardian, October 20, 2004; Stephen Brenkley, ‘Pietersen faces sternest test on home turf.” The Independent, 11 Feb 2005; Anna Kessel, ‘He’s Feted in Munich, but slated in England’, The Guardian, June 4, 2006; Rob Smyth, ‘Why Owen Hargreaves is a Victim of little England’, The Guardan, June 7, 2006.

7 See: Joseph Maguire, ‘‘Real Politic’ or ‘Ethnically Based’: Sport, Globalization, Migration and Nation-State Policies’, Sport in Society 11, no. 4 (2008): 443–58; Joseph Maguire and Mark Falcous, Sport and Migration: Borders, Boundaries and Crossings (London: Routledge, 2010).

8 See: Robert J. Lake, ‘The Wimbledon Championships, the All England Lawn Tennis Club and ‘Invented Traditions’’, International Journal of Sport Communication 11, no. 1 (2018): 52–74.

9 Joseph Maguire, Global Sport: Identities, Societies, Civilizations (Cambridge: Polity, 1999).

10 Emma Poulton and Joseph Maguire, ‘Plastic or Fantastic Brits? Identity Politics and English Media Representations of “Team GB” During London 2012’, JOMEC Journal 1, no. 2 (2012): 11.

11 Jack Black, ‘‘As British as Fish and Chips’: British Newspaper Coverage of Mo Farah During the 2012 London Olympic Games’, Media, Culture & Society 38, no. 7 (2016): 979–96; Dan Burdsey, ‘Role with the Punches: The Construction and Representation of Amir Khan as a Role Model for Multiethnic Britain’, The Socioloical Review 55, no. 3 (2007): 611–31; Anne-Marie Fortier, ‘Pride Politics and Multiculturalist Citizenship’, Ethnic and Racial Studies 28, no. 3 (2005): 559–78; John Harris, ‘Dancing in the Streets of Dunblane: Contested Identities in Elite Scottish Sport’, Catalan Journal of Communications and Cultural Studies 6, no. 2 (2014): 273–9; Laura Hills and Eileen Kennedy, ‘Double Trouble: Kelly Holmes, Intersectionality and Unstable Narratives of Olympic Heroism in the British Media’, In Olympic Women and the Media: International Perspectives, ed. Pirkko Markula (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), 112–31; Lake, Social History; Joseph Maguire and Emma K. Poulton, ‘European Identity Politics in Euro 96: Invented Traditions and National Habitus Codes’, International Review for the Sociology of Sport 34, no. 1 (1999): 17–29; Emma Poulton, ‘Mediated Patriot Games: The Construction and Representation of National Identities in the Media Coverage of Sport’, International Review for the Sociology of Sport 39, no. 4 (2004): 437–55; Poulton and Maguire, ‘“Plastic or Fantastic Brits?”; I. Reid, ‘‘The Stone of Destiny’: Team GB Curling as a Site for Contested National Discourse’, Sport in Society 13, no. 3 (2010): 399–417; Jason Tuck, ‘The Men in White: Reflections on Rugby Union, the Media and Englishness’, International Review for the Sociology of Sport 38, no. 2 (2003): 177–99. Discussions using sport as a lens to view national allegiance have also stretched to fandom. In the early 1990s, allegiance to Britain and its values and belief systems was examined among the south-Asian and Caribbean diaspora in Britain, as young men of south-Asian and Caribbean descent were asked to identify which cricket nation they supported as a means to identify where their loyalties lied more broadly. This became known as the “Tebbit test”, named after the Conservative politician Norman Tebbit who instigated the debate about what it meant to be “truly” British, but was used by right-wing groups as a means to draw lines of distinction between insiders and outsiders in British society more generally.

12 Lake, ‘Tim Henman’.

13 Harris, ‘Dancing in the streets’.

14 See: R. Hughes, ‘Henman’s rally cry’, Sunday Times, June 24, 2001, 7; S. Barnes, ‘Rusedski Swings Back into Favour’, Times, June 24, 2003, 34; I. Speck, ‘He Won’t Win Popularity Contests but that Still Doesn’t Make him a Cheat’, Daily Mail, January 12, 2004, 65.

15 Barnes, ‘Rusedski swings’.

16 Newspaper articles were accessed mainly via LexisNexis and InfoTrac Newsstand databases.

17 Whilst The Sun and The Mirror had higher circulation figures, they and other tabloids – excepting, some might suggest, The Daily Mail – were not included in this analysis given their target readerships did not correspond to the typical middle-class tennis-playing demographic and, unlike most of the others, nor did they have on their staff at any point a specific tennis correspondent.

18 Neil Harman, Duel for the Crown: The Fascinating Inside Story of Tim Henman and Greg Rusedski’s Tennis Year (London: Andre Deutsch, 1999), 28.

19 Cited in: B. Wallace, ‘The Powerhouse Defector: Greg Rusedski’s Decision to Play Tennis for Britain Angers Tennis Canada’, Maclean’s, June 26, 1995.

20 ‘Rusedski Takes Step to Play for Britain’, Globe & Mail, May 5, 1995, C13.

21 ‘Tennis Father’s Plan Includes Mortgaging his Future for Son’s’, Globe & Mail, November 1, 1993, D4; ‘Playing in Davis Cup a Risky Proposition for Rusedski’, Globe & Mail, May 6, 1994, C10; ‘Rusedski Said to be Eyeing Greener Pastures’, Globe & Mail, February 23, 1995, C12; ‘Rusedski Burns, as Tennis Canada Fiddles’, Globe & Mail, March 2, 1995, C6; ‘Connell’s return to Davis Cup marks showdown with Columbia’, Globe & Mail, March 31, 1995, C12.

22 Cited in: Harman, Duel, 31.

23 Cited in: Wallace, ‘Powerhouse defector’.

24 ‘New Arrival Quickly Starts to Feel at Home’, Times, June 27, 1995, 46; see also: ‘Step-by-Step Guide to a National Front: John Duncan on How to Switch Sporting Passports Without Risking Egg on the Face’, Guardian, May 23, 1995, 22; ‘Tennis: Fury as Britain Finds a Winner: Born in Canada, Raised in Canada, Grabbed by Britain / David Irvine and Paul Weaver Report on a Switch Which has Split the Game’, Guardian, May 23, 1995, 22.

25 See: Dominic Bliss, ‘The Adopted Son’, Ace, June 2007; Wallace, ‘Powerhouse defector’.

26 ‘New arrival quickly starts to feel at home’, Times, June 27, 1995, 46; ‘Gentleman Greg: True Brit and no Joke’, Guardian, September 10, 1997, 24; Lionel Shriver, ‘True Brit? No, luv’, Tennis, July 1, 1998; ‘I Have Just One Friend in Tennis … and It’s Not Tim Henman’, Sunday Telegraph, June 17, 2001, 3; ‘We Should Never Have Given Greg Any House Room’, Daily Mail, January 9, 2004, 93; ‘Reviled Rusedski has Produced Plenty of Positives for British Tennis’, Times, January 15, 2004, 41; ‘Greg Rusedski on 18 Years as a ‘Brit’’, Scotsman, June 15, 2013.

27 Wimbledon programme, 36

28 See also: Pat Cash, Uncovered: The Autobiography of Pat Cash (Exeter: Greenwater, 2002), 300; Simon Felstein, Tim Henman: England’s Finest (London: John Blake, 2006); Harman, Duel; Jay Jennings and Preston, ‘One Good Citizen’, Tennis, September 1, 1995; Shriver, ‘True Brit?’; Wallace, ‘Powerhouse defector’.

29 Cited in: Harman, Duel, 31.

30 Wallace, ‘Powerhouse defector’.

31 Felstein, Tim Henman, 116.

32 Wallace, ‘Powerhouse defector’.

33 ‘New Arrival Quickly Starts to Feel at Home’, Times, June 27, 1995, 46.

34 ‘Rusedski Earns Passport to British Acclaim’, Times, June 29, 1995, 48.

35 ‘Le defecteur from Montreal Win Over Home Tennis Fans with Four-set Victory at Wimbledon’, Guardian, June 29, 1995, 1.

36 See: ‘Rusedski and Henman End Four Years of Cup Failure’, Times, July 17, 1995, 30; ‘Congratulations Greg, You are Now a True Brit’, Times, June 28, 1996, 44; ‘Lush and Green for True Brits’, Observer, June 29, 1997, 55; ‘England’s Dynamic Duo’, Times, June 23, 2003, 6[S1]; ‘Rusedski Swings Back into Favour’, Times, June 24, 2003, 34; ‘Farewell to Quasi-Brit Who Never Quite got it Right’, Times, January 9, 2004, 61; ‘‘Outsider’ Rusedski Must Heed the Sands of Time’, Times, September 1, 2006, 83; ‘Poor Old Greg. So Very Nearly Brilliant, so Very Nearly British’, Times, April 9, 2007, 49; Bliss, ‘The Adopted Son’.

37 ‘Rusedski Brought down to Earth’, Times, July 4, 1995, 44. Not unsurprisingly, the Canadian Open in Montreal in August saw sell-out crowds for Rusedski’s first return to Canada since his departure, with ‘jeering spectators’ waving banners reading ‘Rusedski, the Queen’s fool’ and taunting him by singing ‘God Save the Queen’ when he served (see: Shriver, ‘True Brit?’). Following this, he chose to skip the next five consecutive Canadian Masters tournaments, only returning to compete there in 2001.

38 ‘Rusedski Homes in on British Team’, Telegraph, June 9, 1994, 28.

39 Cited in: Jennings and Preston, ‘One Good Citizen’.

40 Cited in: Felstein, Tim Henman, 120.

41 Cited in: Felstein, Tim Henman, 121.

42 Amassing a 9-1 record in his first 2 years, Rusedski (along with Henman from 1996) helped Britain win 6 straight matches to return to the World Group playoffs in 1998.

43 Cited in: ‘Rusedski Joins Britain’, Globe & Mail, May 23, 1995, C8.

44 ‘Petchey’s Love Match’, Observer, June 23, 1996, 56.

45 Harman, Duel, 29.

46 Cited in: Harman, Duel, 32.

47 ‘Rusedski and Henman Out for Revenge’, Guardian, November 4, 1995, 19.

48 ‘Dogged Henman Rewrites Script’, Times, November 6, 1995, 25.

49 Cited in: Simon Kinnersley, ‘We’re Team Mates and Rivals But Not Friends’, Sunday Mirror, June 8, 1997, 10.

50 Times 30 April 1996; Times 23 June 1997; Times 25 February 1998; Telegraph 28 February 1998; Guardian 23 March 1998; Telegraph 23 March 1998; Sunday Telegraph 21 June 1998; Shriver, ‘Local Hero’, February 1999.

51 Tim Henman stated of how the British press covered their rivalry: ‘In the past there has been a certain amount of rubbish written about the relationship between the two of us’ (cited in: Times 19 January 2002).

52 ‘Henman Needs to Find Sunday Best’, Times, November 12, 1996, 50; see also: Lake, ‘Tim Henman’.

53 ‘Loss of Face Just Not British’, Sunday Times, June 29, 2003, 15.

54 Bliss, ‘The Adopted Son’, 51.

55 Lake, Social History, 295.

56 Shriver, ‘True Brit?’; ‘Step-by-Step Guide to a National Front’, Guardian, May 23, 1995, 22; see also: ‘In the Court of Lord Rusedski’, Daily Telegraph, December 18, 1997, 40; ‘New Glamour’s the Name of the Game’, Daily Telegraph, June 17, 1999, 5; ‘Nation Poised for Brit Awards’, Daily Telegraph, June 21, 1999, S6; ‘I Have Just One Friend in Tennis … and it’s Not Tim Henman’, Sunday Telegraph, June 17, 2001, 3.

57 ‘Simply Everyone’s for Tennis’, Observer, June 22, 1997, 1.

58 See: Bill Scott, ‘Alter Egos’, Tennis, July 1, 2005; ‘Greg Rusedski on 18 Years as a ‘Brit’’, Scotsman, June 15, 2013.

59 S. Jones, ‘Rusedski and Henman End Four Years of Cup Failure’, Times, July 17, 1995, 30; S. Jones, ‘Maturing Talent Born to Carry Nation’s Great Expectations’, Times, January 13, 1996, 46.

60 T. Tebbutt, ‘Rusedski Titillating British Tabloids’, Globe & Mail, June 20, 1995, D7.

61 Cited in: Harman, Duel, 146; ‘Henman’s Coming Home’, Daily Telegraph, June 22, 1998, 1.

62 Lionel Shriver, ‘Local Hero’, Tennis 35, no. 6 (Feb 1999): 72.

63 N. Harman, ‘Henman Calling the Shots’, Sunday Telegraph, July 23, 2000, 8.

64 See: E. Digby Baltzell, Sporting Gentlemen: Men’s Tennis from the Age of Honor to the Cult of the Superstar (New York: Free Press, 1995).

65 See, for example: ‘Unfriendly Rivalry’, Daily Telegraph, February 28, 1998, S5; see also: Bliss, ‘The Adopted Son’,; Harman, Duel, 128.

66 Shriver, ‘True Brit?’.

67 M. Dickson, ‘I Made Greg a Top 10 Player Only to Get the Sack’, Daily Mail, September 30, 1997, 60.

68 Cash, Uncovered, 293.

69 See: Cash, Uncovered, 293–317.

70 See: N. Clarke and M. Dickson, ‘Henman and his Coach Reach the End of the Line’, Daily Mail, April 10, 2001; S. Bierley, ‘Henman Splits with Felgate in Search for New Drive’, Guardian, April 10, 2001, 30; J. McEnroe, ‘Henman Had to Ditch Felgate’, Sunday Telegraph, April 15, 2001, 11. For criticism of Felgate, see: S. Bierley, ‘Top Seeds Quartered as Britons Lick their Wounds’, Guardian, January 23, 2001, 28; N. Harman, ‘Felgate: Tim and I are in it for the Long Haul’, Sunday Telegraph, March 4, 2001, 12.

71 Cited in: J. White, ‘Felgate Puts Positive Spin on Passing Shot’, Guardian, April 14, 2001, A9.

72 Cited in: Harman, Duel, 153.

73 ‘British Game Set to Benefit from Rivals’, Times, December 31, 1997, 36; Harman, Duel, 154.

74 Times July 17, 1995; Daily Mail, June 25, 1997.

75 ‘Gentleman Greg: True Brit and No Joke’, Guardian, September 10, 1997, 24; see also: S. Edworthy, ‘Nation Poised for Brit Awards’, Daily Telegraph, June 21, 1999, S6; R. Philip, ‘Unfriendly Rivalry’, Daily Telegraph, February 28, 1998, S5; S. Barnes, ‘Poor Old Greg. So Very Nearly Brilliant, So Very Nearly British’, Times, April 9, 2007, 49; Shriver, ‘True Brit?’.

76 R. Philip, ‘Unfriendly Rivalry’, Daily Telegraph, February 28, 1998, S5.

77 R. Cooke, ‘I Have Just One Friend in Tennis … and it’s Not Tim Henman’, Sunday Telegraph, June 17, 2001, 3.

78 See, for example: ‘Henman Proves a Man of Some Substance’, Guardian, June 21, 1995, 23; J. Henderson, ‘Henman, One Nice Guy Who Can Come First’, Observer, July 7, 1996, 44; R. Philip, ‘Unfriendly Rivalry’, Daily Telegraph, February 28, 1998, S5; J. Henderson, ‘Champagne Perry on Ice for Vintage Henman’, Observer, August 30, 1998, B12; S. Edworthy, ‘Nation Poised for Brit Awards’, Daily Telegraph, June 21, 1999, S6; S. Roberts, ‘Emptiness in England as Henman Bows Out’, New York Times, July 6, 2002; S. Barnes, ‘Thanks be to Henman, the Man Who Gave a Nation Cause for Hope’, Times, September 24, 2007, 72.

79 ‘I Have Just One Friend in Tennis … and it’s Not Tim Henman’, Sunday Telegraph, June 17, 2001, 3.

80 Shriver, ‘True Brit?’

81 ‘Rusedski Brought Down to Earth’, Times, July 4, 1995, 44; ‘Come on Time, Come On … The Other One’, Times, June 22, 2002, 3[S].

82 ‘Simply Everyone’s For Tennis’, Observer, June 22, 1997, 1; see also: ‘Henman Rides on Slaught’, Guardian, November 6, 1995, 21; ‘Congratulations Greg, You are Now a True Brit’, Times, June 28, 1996, 44; Shriver, ‘True Brit?’; ‘Come on Time, Come On … The Other One’, Times, June 22, 2002, 3[S]; ‘England’s Dynamic Duo’, Times, June 23, 2003, 6[S1].

83 See: ‘Rusedski Earns Passport to British Acclaim’, Times, June 29, 1995, 48; ‘King Tim Makes the Nation Sweat Wimbledon’, Daily Mail, July 5, 2001, 86; ‘Sorry Henman Left at Home by his Other Half’, Observer, November 4, 2001, 78; ‘Henman Fades on Clay Road to Home Grass’, Guardian, April 22, 2002, 37; ‘Future Catches up with Henman’, Guardian, July 6, 2002, 30; ‘Clawless, but Tiger Tim Manages Dignified Exit’, Daily Telegraph, June 29, 2006, 10; ‘Lest we Forget Life Before Henman’, Daily Telegraph, August 21, 2007, 9.

84 ‘New Arrival Quickly Starts to Feel at Home’, Times, June 27, 1995, 46.

85 See: Lake, Social History; Lake, ‘Tim Henman’; see also: Lincoln Allison, ‘Batsman and Bowler: The Key Relation of Victorian England’, Journal of Sports History 7, no. 2 (1980): 5–20; Norman Baker, ‘Whose Hegemony: The Origins of the Amateur Ethos in Nineteenth Century English Society’, Sport in History 24, no. 1 (2004): 1–16; Tony Collins. A Social History of English Rugby Union (London: Routledge, 2009); Dave Day, ‘The British Athlete ‘is Born not Made’: Transatlantic Tensions Over Sports Coaching’, Journal of Sport History 44, no. 1 (2017): 20–34; Rick Gruneau, ‘‘Amateurism’ as a Sociological Problem: Some Reflections Inspired by Eric Dunning’, Sport in Society 9, no. 4 (2006): 559–82; Richard Holt, Sport and the British (Oxford: Clarendon, 1989); Stephen Wagg, ‘Base Mechanic Arms? British Rowing, Some Ducks and the Shifting Politics of Amateurism’, Sport in History 26, no. 3 (2006): 520–39.

86 Cited in: Harman, Duel, 27.

87 Ibid.

88 Ibid.

89 ‘Quitting Canada was Right Move: Rusedski’s Tennis Career has Flourished Since he Took up Residence on British Soil’, Globe & Mail, July 5, 1997, A13.

90 ‘Rusedski Finally Runs Out of Steam’, Guardian, September 8, 1997, A20.

91 J. Powell, ‘Greg’s Big-Time Shot; Rusedski Holds Nerve to Reach the Summit of his Career at US Open’, Daily Mail, September 8, 1997, 78.

92 Ibid.

93 ‘True Brit; Letter’, Times, September 9, 1997, 19.

94 M. Dickson, ‘Guile But no Smile from Greg’, Daily Mail, September 2, 1997, 60; M. Dickson, ‘Win and a Prayer from Hero Rusedski’, Daily Mail, September 2, 1997, 64.

95 cited in: ‘Win and a Prayer from Hero Rusedski’, Daily Mail, September 2, 1997, 64.

96 M. Dickson, ‘Gale-Force Greg Takes Giant Step on Road to his Dream’, Daily Mail, September 4, 1997, 74; D. Powell, ‘Relentless Rusedski Marches On’, Times, September 4, 1997, 44.

97 ‘Gentleman Greg: True Brit and No Joke’, Guardian, September 10, 1997, 24.

98 Felstein, Tim Henman, 141.

99 Felstein, Tim Henman, 142.

100 M. Dickson, ‘People Power Helps Rusedski Celebrate’, Daily Mail, September 11, 1997, 74; A. Ramsay, ‘Rusedski Coasts Past Martin to Complete Welcome-Home Party’, Times September 11, 1997, 46.

101 See: Stuart Maconie, In Search of Middle England: Adventures on the High Teas (London: Ebury Press, 2009); Andrew Marr. A History of Modern Britain (London: Pan Macmillan, 2008); Jeremy Paxman. The English: A Portrait of a People (London: Penguin, 1999).

102 “New Britain” was not only a slogan but the title of Blair’s pre-election manifesto, published in 1996; see: Tony Blair, New Britain: My Vision of a Young Country (London: Fourth Estate, 1996).

103 ‘More Open and Tolerant, Less Macho and Miserable. Welcome to New Britain’, Guardian, September 18, 1997, A2.

104 Tony Blair reflected on Diana’s position within the broader socio-political movement of “New Britain” at the time: ‘Of course she was much too smart to give her support to any political party, but in temperament and time, in the mood she engendered and which we represented, there was a perfect fit. Whatever New Labour had in part, she had in whole’. See: Tony Blair, A Journey: My Political Life (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010), 134.

105 Greg’s father Tom was a Ukrainian immigrant in Canada and worked for Canadian National railway; his mother Helen immigrated from England as a four-year-old and worked in marketing research.

106 M. Dickson, ‘Brit Factor is the Passport to Rusedski Success Story’, Daily Mail, September 5, 1997, 78; M. Dickson, ‘Rusedski Finds Perfect Answer’, Daily Mail, July 4, 1997, 66.

107 See: A. Giddens, ‘The Rise and Fall of New Labour’, New Statesman, May 17, 2010; D. Jahn and M. Henn, ‘The ‘New’ Rhetoric of New Labour in Comparative Perspective: A Three-Country Discourse Analysis’, West European Politics 23, no. 1 (2000): 26–46; T. Wood, ‘Editorial: Good Riddance to New Labour’, New Left Review 62 (Mar-Apr 2000): 5–28.

108 Blair, New Britain, 298.

109 The saliency of this constructed identity would largely have depended on the public’s perceptions of “New Britain” as an entity in itself, but an analysis of this is outside the scope of this particular project.

110 ‘In the Court of Lord Rusedski’, Daily Telegraph, December 18, 1997, 40.

111 Shriver, ‘True Brit?’.

112 ‘Loss of Face Just Not British’, Sunday Times, June 29, 2003, 15.

113 Ibid.

114 See: ‘Farewell to Quasi-Brit Who Never Quite got it Right’, Times, January 9, 2004, 61; ‘I Expect to be Found Innocent. I Don’t Take Drugs, Vows Rusedski’, Daily Mail, January 9, 2004, 5; ‘Rusedski Career Facing Ruin’, Daily Telegraph, January 9, 2004; ‘Rusedski: If I’m Guilty of Drug Taking then so are Half of all the World’s Top Tennis Players’, Daily Mail, January 10, 2004, 5; ‘Tossed into Teeth of New Storm: Claims Rock LTA Back on their Heels as they Try to Answer Critics by Dragging Britain Out of the Dark Ages’, Daily Telegraph, January 10, 2004, 7. For a discussion of Ben Johnson, see Stephen J. Jackson and Pam Ponic, ‘Pride and Prejudice: Reflecting on Sport Heroes, National Identity, and Crisis in Canada’, Culture, Sport, Society 4, no. 2 (2001): 43–62.

115 S. Barnes, ‘Farewell to Quasi-Brit Who Never Quite got it Right’, Times, January 9, 2004, 61.

116 ‘Britain Needs to Sharpen up Act on Drug Issues’, Daily Telegraph, January 9, 2004.

117 J. Powell, ‘We Should Never Have Given Greg any House Room’, Daily Mail, January 9, 2004, 93.

118 ‘Fair Weather Friends Add to Rusedski’s Storm’, Globe & Mail, January 12, 2004, S4.

119 J. Powell, ‘We Should Never Have Given Greg Any House Room’, Daily Mail, January 9, 2004, 93; see also: S. Barnes, ‘Farewell to Quasi-Brit Who Never Quite Got it Right’, Times, January 9, 2004, 61; O. Slot, ‘Reviled Rusedski has Produced Plenty of Positives for British tennis, Times, January 15, 2004, 41.

120 See: Giddens, ‘The rise and fall’; Jahn and Henn, ‘The ‘New’ Rhetoric’; Wood, ‘Editorial’.