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ABSTRACT
Coaching researchers from different academic disciplines have been occupied for years in exploring the constraints and barriers that women face when entering the coaching profession, not only at the level of individual agency but also at a structural and socio-cultural level. This paper reprises some of their findings and recognises that historians of coaching have made little contribution to the debate, apart from confirming the critical part played by networks, community, and experience in facilitating coaching careers. While the existing historiography has focused almost exclusively on male coaching practices and on a masculine orientated cultural heritage of coaching, attention is drawn here to the way in which the limited literature on women in coaching has been the result of adopting a very narrow definition of ‘coach’. This introduction to the special issue of Sport in History highlights the range of terms historically used by women in coaching-related roles and the way in which women transcended social constraints to become coaches. Although the ‘herstory’ of sports coaching is only just being uncovered, these contributions represent an important stimulus to the further development of the topic and the paper concludes by highlighting how historians of women’s coaching will be taking their research forward.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Notes
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32 See Dave Day, ‘Intangible Cultural Heritages: British Sports Coaching and Amateurism’, in Sports Coaching in Europe: Cultural Histories, ed. Dave Day (Abingdon: Routledge, 2021), 19–37; Dave Day, ‘La Dynamique Patrimoniale et Le Coaching Sportif Britannique: Un Siècle d'un Héritage Culturel Immatériel’ in Héritages Olympiques et Patrimoine des évènements sportifs: Promesses, Mémoire et Enjeux, ed. Jean-Francois Loudcher, André Suchet, and Pauline Soulier (Presse Universitaires De La Méditerranée, 2023), 107–28; Day, Loudcher, and Vaucelle, ‘Sports Coaching Histories and Biographies’, 1–22.
33 Dave Day and Jana Stoklasa, ‘The Legacy of a Cultural Elite: The British Olympic Association’, História: Questões and Debates 68, no. 2 (2020): 229–48, 234 in particular. https://doi.org/10.5380/his.v68i2.72302.
34 Christoph Szedlak, Bettina Callary, Kimberley Eagles, and Brian T. Gearity ‘An Exploration of how Dominant Discourses Steer U.K. Strength and Conditioning Coach Education’, Sport, Education and Society (2024): 1–14, 2, https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2024.2318650.
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49 Augestad and Hemmestad, ‘Gender, Care, and Sport’, 1367, 1372.
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53 Borrueco et al., ‘Women Coaches at Top Level’, 327.
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60 Taylor, ‘Women’s Work’, 104.
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62 See for example Dave Day, ‘Late Nineteenth-century Swimming Teachers in England’, in A Man’s World? A History of Women and Leadership in Sport, ed. Georgia Cervin and Claire Nicolas (Camden: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019); Dave Day, ‘Swimming Natationists, Mistresses and Matrons: Patriarchal Influences on Female Careers in Victorian Britain’, The International Journal of the History of Sport 35, no. 6 (2018): 494–510, https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2018.1543271.
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64 Dave Day, ‘“For Those Who Like the Life Nothing Could Be Better”: The Games Mistress in 1920s Britain’, Social Sciences 13, no. 4 (2024): 212, https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13040212
65 Dave Day, ‘Untiring’ in Her efforts on Behalf of the Team and Discharging her Duties ‘in the most capable manner’; Female Coaches in Edwardian Britain, Sport in History, (16 Nov 2023), https://doi.org/10.1080/17460263.2023.2279974.
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67 Borrueco et al., ‘Women Coaches at Top Level’, 334.
68 Caroline Heffernan. ‘Gender Allyship: Considering the Role of Men in Addressing the Gender Leadership Gap in Sport Organizations’ (PhD thesis, The University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, USA, 2018), https://hdl.handle.net/11299/201034.
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71 Erica Munkwitz, Women, Horse Sports and Liberation: Equestrianism and Britain from the 18th to the 20th Centuries (London: Routledge, 2021).
72 Erica Munkwitz, ‘Shequestrians’: Riding Mistresses, Female Sport Coaches, and Equestrian Instructors in Britain, 1730–1930’, Sport in History (2024), https://doi.org/10.1080/17460263.2024.2334452.
73 ‘The Tonbridge Ladies’ Hockey Club’, Hearth and Home 14, no. 346 (30 December 1897): 339.
74 ‘The Chiswick Ladies’ Hockey Club’, Hearth and Home 14, no. 342 (2 December 1897): 157; ‘The Atlanta Hockey Club’, Hearth and Home XVI, no. 416 (4 May 1899): 1044.
75 ‘The Eastbourne Ladies' Hockey Club’, Hearth and Home 13, no. 337 (28 October 1897): 993.
76 Joanne Halpin, ‘Will You Walk into Our Parlour?’: The Rise of Leagues and Their Impact on the Governance of Women’s Hockey in England 1895–1939 (unpublished doctoral thesis, 2019), 81–2.
77 Nancy Tomkins and Pat Ward, The Century Makers: A History of the All England Women’s Hockey Association 1895–1995 (AEWHA, Shrewsbury, 1995), 92.
78 Jörg Krieger, Caroline Meier, and Astrid Becker-Larsen. ‘“The Ice Mother”: Figure Skating Coach Jutta Müller as Contributor and Profiteer of the East German’s Sport Performance System’, Sports Coaching Review (2023), https://doi.org/10.1080/21640629.2023.2251797.
79 ‘Sorry Chaps but the Girls are not in the Mood for “Marriage”’, London Evening News, November 5, 1974 cited in Sports Fellowship, Bulletin of the International Sports Fellowship, no. 75 February 1975, 6.
80 Rafaelle Nicholson, ‘Women Coaches, Professionalisation, and National Governing Body Mergers in England, 1989–2000’, Sport in History (2024), https://doi.org/10.1080/17460263.2024.2323949.
81 Eleanor Gordon and Gweneth Nair, ‘The Myth of the Victorian Patriarchal Family’, History of the Family 7 (2002): 135, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1081-602X(01)00100-2.
82 See https://cricsportcoaching.com/ (accessed May 19, 2024).