Characterization and sex-related differences in the multi-location external workload profile of semiprofessional basketball players. A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT

Commonly, the monitoring of external workload has been performed using a single device on player's scapulae. The human body is a complex multi-articular system and quantification in a single location is insufficient, being necessary the assessment in multiple body locations simultaneously. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the multi-location external workload in men’s and women’s players and to analyze the sex-related differences during the most common movements in basketball. Twenty-six semi-professional basketball players (n = 13 men, n = 13 women) were evaluated in five tests: linear and curvilinear movements, changing of speed, jumping and in-game movements. PlayerLoad_RT was evaluated at six anatomical locations simultaneously (scapulae, lumbar region, knees, and ankles) with WIMU PRO^TM inertial devices attached to the athlete using a full-body skinsuit. Statistical analysis was composed of a t-test of independent measures and Coheńs d effect size. The main results indicated: (1) the type of movement modified the external workload supported by the musculoskeletal structures; (2) sex-related differences were found in the vertical absorption of external workload (p < 0.05); (3) no sex-related differences were shown in the horizontal profile (p > 0.16). The multi-location monitoring will allow the identification of musculoskeletal structures with high vertical absorption of external load depending on sex (men > women: scapulae-lumbar and knee-ankle; women > men: lumbar-knee) and type of movement (scapulae-lumbar: decelerations; lumbar-knee: jumping; knee-ankle: in-game), just like horizontal differences in lower limb (outer > inner leg: curvilinear). Equally movements distribution throughout training sessions, strengthening and recovery programmes of high-workload muscle groups according to player’s characteristics could contributed to performance enhancement and reduce injury risk.

HIGHLIGHTS

• Men’s and women’s basketball players presented different vertical musculoskeletal absorption of external workload. Men presented higher absorption in scapulae – lumbar and knee – ankle segments while women did so in the lumbar – knee segment.

• The type of movements had a direct effect in the multi-location external workload profile.

• A combined effect of sex and type of movement was found in the vertical musculoskeletal absorption of the external workload profile.

• No sex-related differences were found in the horizontal profile regarding the type of movement.

KEYWORDS:

• Gender
• team sports
• technology
• testing

Disclosure statement

This work has been developed into the Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD) of the Sports Science Faculty of the University of Extremadura. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. None of the authors has a conflict of interest to declare, and all authors were involved in the study design, data collection, and interpretation, and contributed to the writing of the manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

The author Carlos D. Gómez Carmona was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (FPU17/00407). This study was co-funded by the Regional Department of Economy and Infrastructure of the Government of Extremadura (Spain) through the European Regional Development Funds (dossier number: GR18170), and the Spanish National Agency of Investigation through the project “Scientific and Technological Support to analyze the Training Workload of Basketball teams according to sex, level of the players and season period” (PID2019-106614GB-I00).