Moderators of the coach leadership and athlete motivation relationship

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the relationship between coach leadership and athlete motivation was moderated by age, gender, competition level, and seasons spent with a coach. This study involved data from two previous studies that explored this relationship yet provides a novel perspective through the lens of important moderators. Three-hundred and three athletes (M_age = 17.6 years; SD = 3.20; 49.7% women and 50.3% men) responded to questionnaires pertaining to their coaches’ leadership behaviours and their own sport motivation. Multiple regression analyses using moderators were conducted. Age, competition level, and seasons spent with the coach significantly moderated the relationships of interest. Coach transformational leadership predicted intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to a greater extent when athletes were younger than 20.8 and 18.2 years of age, respectively. Further, coach transactional leadership predicted intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to a greater extent when athletes had trained for more than two seasons with their coach. Results emphasize the need to consider athlete characteristics from both research and practitioner perspectives. Herein, we advocate for increased awareness amongst key sport stakeholders on the influence that a coach can have on younger athletes’ motivation and the importance of developing coach-athlete relationships over time.

KEYWORDS:

• Coaching
• sport
• performance
• quality relations

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1 *It is important to note that these behaviours are conceptual additions from the MLQ-5X (Bass & Avolio, 2005), and as such contain a total of 3 items from the MLQ-5X, and 3 items that have been modified from the original MLQ-5X. All six items were reproduced by special permission of the Publisher, MIND GARDEN, Inc. www.mindgarden.com, from the “Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire for Research” by Bernard M. Bass and Bruce J. Avolio. Copyright 1995 by Bernard M. Bass and Bruce J. Avolio. All rights reserved. Further reproduction is prohibited without the Publisher’s written consent.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the “Salvador Madariaga” program of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of the Government of Spain (PRX19/00106).