Neuromuscular changes after a Long Distance Triathlon World Championship

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to determine the neuromuscular changes in muscle contractile properties and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance after a long distance (LD) triathlon, inquiring to what extent it is influenced by gender and the evaluated muscle, and to explore for response differences. Four elite (2 females and 2 males) and 18 well-trained triathletes (3 females and 15 males) who competed in the 2019 LD Triathlon World Championship undergone, prior and post-race, a CMJ and a muscle contractile properties assessment in vastus lateralis (VL) and biceps femoris (BF) using tensiomyography. A mixed ANOVA was carried out to detect triathletes’ neuromuscular changes after the competition. A large decrease in jump height and flight time was found in CMJ (p = 0.001, η_p²= 0.767) with gender differences (η_p²= 0.308). contraction (Tc), delay (Td) and sustain times (Ts) also showed a large decrease (p = 0.001, η_p²= 0.174–0.413). However, maximum radial muscle belly displacement was not altered by the competition, but did greatly increase radial displacement velocity (p = 0.031; η_p²= 0.212). No gender differences were found in contractile properties. Correlation analysis between race performance and the jumping and tensiomyography parameters only showed a moderate negative correlation with Tc of the BF in pre- and post-competition (r = −0.44; −0.43; p = 0.05). In conclusion, triathletes after a LD World Championship suffer a sharp drop in jump performance and variations in VL’s and BF’s contractile properties, showing decreases in Tc, Td and Ts without gender differences. The regular use of these parameters can allow the monitoring of triathlete's neuromuscular fatigue and aid in the distribution of more efficient loads in their training cycles.

Highlights

• Trainers and researchers in neuromuscular fatigue can have reference data of elite and well-trained triathletes after performing LD race.

• The magnitude of change in the CMJ and the contractile properties of BF and VL achieved in competition by these elite reference triathletes can guide to modulate triathletes training.

• The regular use of the parameters using these references can allow an exhaustive neuromuscular fatigue monitoring during the sessions or training cycles throughout the season.

KEYWORDS:

• Competition
• endurance
• gender
• musculoskeletal
• performance

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Organizing Committee of the 2019 Pontevedra ITU Multisport World Championships for their help in carrying out this research, as well as all triathletes who took part in this project.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.